Short answers, pulled from the story.
Edwin Arnold published The Light of Asia in 1879. This book presented Buddhism as a sympathetic life story parallel to Christ after decades of European travelers and Christian missionaries describing the religion as heathen with strange gods.
B.R. Ambedkar held a press conference on the 13th of October 1956 announcing his rejection of traditional Theravada and Mahayana interpretations alongside Hinduism. He converted between 500,000 and 600,000 Dalits to his Neo-Buddhism movement to advance equality and societal change.
D.T. Suzuki became a prolific writer fluent in English who introduced Zen Buddhism to Westerners starting in the 1930s. His works gained particular popularity during the 1950s and 1960s among audiences steeped in German Romantic idealism and American Transcendentalism.
Heinz Bechert identified characteristics such as de-mythologization, social philosophy, and support for activism in modern Buddhist revivalism in postcolonial societies like Sri Lanka. He published the first comprehensive study of this phenomenon in 1966 calling it modern Buddhist revivalism.
Melford Spiro claimed that reinterpretations discarding rebirth undermine the Four Noble Truths because they fail to address why one should live rather than commit suicide. Traditional scholars disagree that core beliefs like karma and rebirth are flawed or pessimistic insertions made by later monks.