Short answers, pulled from the story.
The British government transferred rule over India from the East India Company to Queen Victoria on the 28th of June 1858. This date marked the end of a corporate empire and the beginning of direct Crown control known as the British Raj.
The English population in India numbered just 125,945 according to the 1861 Census. Of these, only about 41,862 were civilians while roughly 84,083 served as European officers and soldiers.
Professionals and intellectuals founded the Indian National Congress on the 28th of December 1885 in Bombay. Seventy men elected Womesh Chunder Bonerjee as the first president of this organization.
Government reports stated 379 dead with 1,100 wounded after fifty soldiers commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer shot unarmed gatherings without warning. The Congress estimated triple those numbers for the total casualties.
Independence arrived August 1947 creating Dominion of Pakistan with Muhammad Ali Jinnah as governor-general and Dominion of India with Jawaharlal Nehru as prime minister. Official ceremonies took place in Karachi the 14th of August and New Delhi the 15th of August allowing Mountbatten to attend both.