Short answers, pulled from the story.
Blaise Pascal was born on the 19th of June 1623 in Clermont-Ferrand, France. His family moved to Paris in 1631 when his father Étienne decided to teach him at home instead of sending him to school.
Blaise Pascal constructed a mechanical calculator called the Pascaline in 1642 to assist with tax calculations for his father. He also invented the hydraulic press and clarified concepts of pressure and vacuum through fluid dynamics research.
Blaise Pascal developed mathematical theory of probability through correspondence with Pierre de Fermat starting in 1654. Their collaboration examined fair division of stakes in gambling problems which established the notion of expected value used in modern economics.
On the 23rd of November 1654 Blaise Pascal experienced an intense religious vision between ten-thirty and twelve-thirty at night. He recorded this event in a document known as the Memorial which he sewed into his coat until after his death.
Blaise Pascal died on the 18th of August 1662 following convulsions that led to extreme unction in a Paris hospital. Autopsy results showed grave stomach organ issues and brain damage though speculation suggests tuberculosis or stomach cancer combination affected him throughout life.