Short answers, pulled from the story.
Benito Mussolini was an Italian politician, journalist, and dictator who led Italy as Il Duce from 1922 until his overthrow in 1943. He founded fascism in 1919 and established a totalitarian one-party state. He took Italy into the Second World War as a member of the Axis Powers.
Benito Mussolini was born on the 29th of July 1883 in Dovia di Predappio, a small town in the province of Forlì in Romagna. His father, Alessandro, was a blacksmith and a socialist, and his mother, Rosa, was a devout Catholic schoolteacher.
Mussolini came to power after the March on Rome in late October 1922, when fascists gathered outside the capital. King Victor Emmanuel III refused to sign a state of siege order and instead handed power to Mussolini, who formed his cabinet on the 31st of October 1922 as Blackshirts paraded in Rome.
Mussolini was expelled from the Italian Socialist Party for advocating Italian military intervention in the First World War, breaking with the party's official policy of neutrality. He was accused of moral and political unworthiness, then founded the interventionist newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia.
The Lateran Treaty was a 1929 concordat between the Italian state and the Vatican that recognized the independence of Vatican City. It ended decades of struggle dating back to the 1870 takeover of the Papal States, and Pope Pius XI acclaimed Mussolini as "the Man of Providence".
Mussolini declared war on Britain and France on the 10th of June 1940, announcing it from the balcony of the Palazzo Venezia. He acted convinced that a German victory was imminent, despite his own officials warning that Italy was not prepared for major military operations until 1942.
Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci attempted to flee to Switzerland near the end of the war but were captured by communist partisans and summarily executed on the 28th of April 1945.