Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from the 4th to the 8th of May 1942, was a naval engagement between Japan and Allied forces of the United States and Australia in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. It was the first battle in history in which opposing fleets never sighted or fired directly at each other, relying entirely on carrier-based aircraft attacking over the horizon. It was also the first military battle ever fought between aircraft carriers.
Allied naval forces were under the overall command of Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, who led Task Force 17. Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch commanded Task Force 11, and Australian Rear Admiral John Crace led the joint Australia-U.S. cruiser force, Task Force 44.
Japan sought to capture Port Moresby in New Guinea through Operation MO, with the sea landing scheduled for the 10th of May 1942. An invasion fleet of 11 transport ships carried about 5,000 soldiers toward Port Moresby, which would have placed the northern coast of Australia within range of Japanese land-based aircraft.
The American fleet carrier Lexington was sunk, along with the destroyer Sims and the oiler Neosho. The Japanese light carrier Shōhō was sunk, and the fleet carrier Shōkaku was heavily damaged, with 223 of her crew killed or wounded and her flight deck wrecked beyond use.
In tonnage lost, Japan won a tactical victory, with the Allies losing about 41,826 long tons of shipping against roughly 19,000 long tons of Japanese vessels sunk. Strategically, it was an Allied victory because the Japanese Port Moresby invasion was turned back, marking the first time a major Japanese advance had been halted since the start of the Pacific War.
The heavy damage to Shōkaku and significant aircraft losses kept both Japanese fleet carriers Shōkaku and Zuikaku out of the Battle of Midway the following month. Japan's Naval General Staff estimated Shōkaku would need two to three months of repairs, and Zuikaku's depleted air group was not replenished in time. Their absence reduced Japanese carrier strength at Midway, where Japan lost four fleet carriers and the strategic initiative in the Pacific War.