Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Rainbow Portrait dates to around 1600 and presents the Queen as the Queen of Love and Beauty. This image epitomizes later Tudor court portraiture through elaborate iconography including dress, jewels, background elements, and inscriptions.
Hans Holbein the Younger spent many years on two separate visits creating the finest portraits of the era. Preparatory drawings by Hans Holbein reveal this scarcity with eighty-five pages existing in the Royal Collection but only a handful of finished paintings remaining.
John Browne held the title since 1502 before becoming first Serjeant Painter in 1527. Andrew Wright followed him from 1532 until 1544 while Nicolas Lizard held the post from 1554 until death in 1571 and William Herne served between 1572 and 1580.
Lucas Hornebolte earned £33 6s annually from 1525 until death. This figure contrasts with Meynnart Wewyck who received half-yearly payment of 100 shillings in 1525 while Hans Holbein received £30 though he did more work outside court boundaries.
Modern scholars face significant obstacles when attributing Tudor portraits due to wear and restoration damage. Inscriptions often appear later than the paintings themselves reflecting wishful thinking by owners and many pictures have been cut down or extended altering original inscriptions completely.