Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Merimde culture flourished from about 5000 to 4200 BC at a large settlement site on the edge of the Western Nile Delta. People lived in small huts and produced simple undecorated pottery while raising cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs.
Naqada III period ran from about 3200 to 3000 BC and is generally taken to be identical with the Protodynastic period when Egypt was unified. Cosmetic palettes reached new sophistication during this era and were made almost exclusively from siltstone quarried at Wadi Hammamat.
The pyramids of Giza were constructed under the kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure. Princess Nefertiabet likely daughter of Khufu appears in her Giza tomb dated between 2590-2565 BC.
Pharaoh Akhenaten moved the capital to Tel el-Amarna around 1350 BC creating the most drastic interruption in Egyptian art style. Scenes often included overlapping figures creating sensation of crowd less common in earlier times and depictions gave him distinctly feminine qualities such as large hips and prominent breasts.
Blue symbolized fertility birth and life-giving waters of Nile according to ancient Egyptian color terms while gold indicated divinity due to unnatural appearance and association with precious materials described as flesh of god. Silver referred to as white gold called bones of god by Egyptians and green represented vegetation and rejuvenation.