Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Tunisian desert town of Matmata was filmed for Tatooine's cave and dome structures in A New Hope, while a Guatemalan rain forest served as the Yavin 4 jungle base for the film's ending. These non-western locations provided scenery unfamiliar to most viewers, lending the settings believability alongside their exotic quality.
The Jedi Temple on Coruscant is designed as a ziggurat adapting the typology of Mayan temples, with durasteel cladding on the external stone walls. It has five towers; the tallest is called Tranquillity Spire, and its towers are stylistically compared to the minarets surrounding the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul.
The Jedi Temple ranked third on the Architects' Journal top-ten architecture of Star Wars list, behind the second Death Star and Jabba the Hutt's palace on Tatooine.
The Long Room Library at Trinity College, Dublin, is thought to be the basis for the Jedi Academy Library in Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones.
George Lucas's own THX 1138 established the visual grammar of claustrophobic subterranean spaces later expanded in Star Wars. Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey has also been cited as a possible influence, and Leni Riefenstahl's 1935 Triumph of the Will was said to have been borrowed for the Yavin 4 celebration scene.
Architecture critic Mark Lamster described Star Wars cities as places of danger and corruption, while the forces of good find sanctuary in the natural world. He attributed this ambivalence toward urbanity to series creator George Lucas's own feelings about cities and urban environments.