Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Apollo spacecraft consisted of a Command and Service Module, an Apollo Lunar Module, and a launch escape system. These components worked together to land astronauts on the Moon and return them safely to Earth.
North American Aviation built the Command Module which served as the control center and living quarters for the crew. This module was the only part of the space vehicle that returned to Earth intact after missions ranging from low Earth orbit to the Moon itself.
The American Apollo program aimed to land astronauts on the Moon by the end of the 1960s. The strategy involved sending two docked spacecraft to lunar orbit where the Lunar Module would separate and land while the Command and Service Module remained in orbit.
Five windows allowed crews to view their surroundings during flight through the vacuum of space. These windows provided visibility while the heat shield protected the crew during atmospheric reentry before parachutes deployed for ocean recovery.
Grumman Aircraft Company manufactured both the descent stage and ascent stage of the Apollo Lunar Module. The descent stage contained landing gear, radar antennas, and fuel to land on the Moon while carrying cargo like the Lunar Rover on later missions.