Short answers, pulled from the story.
Amnesty International was founded on the 28th of May 1961 following an article titled The Forgotten Prisoners written by Peter Benenson. The organization officially formed in July 1961 based on the Appeal for Amnesty, 1961 launched to mobilize public opinion.
Peter Benenson resigned after documents implicated him in connections to the British government known as the Harry letters affair. He claimed that British and American intelligence agents had infiltrated Amnesty and subverted its values during his tenure.
Amnesty International confirmed a story about Iraqi soldiers stealing incubators with children inside them which later proved entirely fabricated. The witness Nayirah was identified as the daughter of a Kuwaiti delegate rather than a victim of war crimes.
The Times reported in September 2020 that Amnesty paid £800,000 in compensation over the workplace suicide of Gaëtan Mootoo. The agreement required his family to sign a non-disclosure agreement preventing discussion with press or social media.
Amnesty International received the 1977 Nobel Peace Prize for its defence of human dignity against torture. This award recognized the organization's efforts to protect individuals from state-sponsored abuse globally.