Short answers, pulled from the story.
Alexander the Great was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon, who succeeded his father Philip II in 336 BC at the age of 20. By the age of 30 he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India, and he was undefeated in battle. He conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire, overthrowing Darius III.
Alexander the Great was born in Pella, the capital of Macedon, around the 20th of July 356 BC. He died on either the 10th or the 11th of June 323 BC in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II in Babylon, at age 32.
Alexander the Great was tutored by the philosopher and polymath Aristotle from age 13 until 16, at the Temple of the Nymphs at Mieza. Under Aristotle he developed a passion for Homer's Iliad and could quote Euripides from memory. He studied alongside future generals including Ptolemy, Hephaestion, and Cassander.
Alexander the Great broke Persian power through decisive battles at Issus in 333 BC and Gaugamela in 331 BC, defeating Darius III both times. He captured the Persian capitals of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis, and Darius was later killed by his own satrap Bessus. Alexander used the Macedonian phalanx armed with the 6 metre sarissa to great effect against larger Persian forces.
Alexander the Great turned back at the Hyphasis River, the Beas, in 326 BC after his army mutinied and refused to march farther east. Exhausted by years of campaigning and fearing vast armies with thousands of war elephants, the troops longed to return home, and his general Coenus pleaded with him to relent.
Alexander the Great's body was laid in a gold sarcophagus filled with honey, and Ptolemy took the funeral cortege to Egypt, where it was later moved to Alexandria. He left no clear heir, and after Perdiccas was assassinated in 321 BC, 40 years of war among the Successors, the Diadochi, divided the empire into Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Syria and Persia, and Antigonid Macedonia.