Haitian conflict
The Haitian conflict is a struggle over control of Port-au-Prince that has run continuously since 2020. By 2023, Haitian officials were speculating that gangs controlled up to 90% of the capital. The city holds the national palace, the main international airport and the country's busiest port. All of them ended up within reach of armed groups. The government and its security forces struggled to hold on to the place they were meant to run.
How does a capital reach that point? Who leads the armed groups, and where did their weapons and authority come from? What happens to ordinary people when hospitals, courts and food supplies stop working? And when neighbours and foreign governments finally step in, can an outside force change anything? The answers start well before 2020, in the way Haiti's rulers learned to depend on armed men they could not later control.
In the 1950s, the dictatorship of president François Duvalier built the Tonton Macoute, a paramilitary force used to crush dissidents. That decision set a pattern for the decades that followed.
The dictatorship ended in 1986, when Duvalier's son Jean-Claude was removed from power. The Tonton Macoute were disbanded but never disarmed, so they regrouped as far-right vigilantes. Political actors kept hiring armed groups to defend their interests, manipulate elections and suppress public unrest.
In 1994, president Jean-Bertrand Aristide outlawed the pro-Duvalier armed groups and disbanded the Haitian Army. Once again nobody collected the guns. Former soldiers and militiamen swelled the ranks of unofficial factions, and from 1994 to 2004 a loose insurgency against Aristide played out in Port-au-Prince. Young people formed self-defense groups known as chimères. Police and the government backed them, and Aristide's Fanmi Lavalas party gave them de facto state support. Some youth gangs took over entire communes and grew more independent. U.S. diplomat Daniel Lewis Foote argued that Aristide started the gangs on purpose, as a way for ordinary Haitians to gain some power, and that they "morphed over the years."
The 2010 earthquake changed the balance. Younger and more ruthless gangs overcame the older gangs that had political ties, and the quake also let criminals break out of damaged prisons. Researcher Sabine Lamour linked the protection of politicians accused of rape and abuse under Michel Martelly, who governed from 2011 to 2016, to the misogyny of street gangs. She pointed to the "Legal Bandit" figure that Martelly celebrated in his 2008 album Bandi Légal.
MINUSTAH, a United Nations peacekeeping operation launched after the 2004 coup d'état, failed to contain the unrest and committed abuses of its own. It ended in October 2017. Gang violence rose afterwards, including violence aimed at civilians, such as the 2018 Port-au-Prince massacre in which 25 civilians were killed.
From 2017 to 2021, the Haitian Parliament sat in deadlock and public administration slowly stopped working for lack of funding. The judicial system effectively fell apart, and scheduled elections were postponed again and again. Vox journalist Ellen Ioanes listed the compounding troubles: the 2010 earthquake, floods, cholera outbreaks, hurricanes, and corrupt, dictatorial and incompetent leaders. Gangs stepped into the vacuum. They gained political power through co-operative politicians and economic control through protection rackets, kidnappings and murders.
By 2022, researchers estimated that about 200 gangs operated across Haiti, and half of them were in Port-au-Prince. The most influential held large stretches of territory, including whole municipalities.
The best known alliance is the Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies, called G9. It was founded and is led by Jimmy Chérizier, an ex-police officer nicknamed Barbecue. G9 is based in the communes of Delmas, Pétion-Ville and parts of Carrefour, and it counts many former soldiers and policemen in its ranks. It was long connected to the PHTK party, then distanced itself after Ariel Henry took power. G9 calls itself a revolutionary organization and has started building a nationwide network of allies that it calls G20. Chérizier's personal gang, Delmas 6, was already operating while he was still a serving officer, which points to its links with the security forces. Another major gang, Baz Pilate, consists mainly of ex-SWAT elite police.
G9 grew out of a bloody month. In May 2020, a coalition of 11 gangs attacked several Port-au-Prince neighborhoods to secure and expand territory, and 34 civilians were killed that month. A gang leader named Altès switched to the government side. Together with gangs allied to Chérizier, he helped assassinate an anti-government leader, Ernso Nicholas, and pro-government gangs then seized the dead man's territory. Chérizier hosted a meeting in Delmas 6 to plan an assault on parts of Cité Soleil seen as anti-government, namely Pont Rouge, Chancerelles and Nan Tokyo.
The attack began on the 23rd of May 2020. Chérizier's group is alleged to have attacked civilians in Nan Tokyo, including the killing of two American missionaries, while Altès and another leader, Alectis, besieged Pont Rouge. On the 26th of May, Haitian armored police vehicles were positioned at the entrance to Nan Brooklyn. Tear gas was fired, followed by gunfire aimed at civilians. Witnesses said Chérizier was driven to the area in a police armored vehicle. Nan Brooklyn stayed under siege until July, and the siege ended in a massacre that killed 145 people.
In June 2020, a video posted on YouTube announced a new coalition of nine gangs, which became the G9 Alliance under Chérizier. Every member gang had previous links to the ruling PHTK party of president Jovenel Moïse. From 2020 to 2021, G9 was responsible for a dozen massacres that killed at least 200 people. The alliance was believed to be close to Moïse's government, which was accused of large-scale corruption, and members often escaped prosecution. Chérizier stood out because he kept moving freely and posting on social media despite arrest warrants.
In July 2020, a rival bloc called G-Pep was founded, made up mostly of Cité Soleil gangs that refused to join G9. It was organized by the Nan Brooklyn gang and its head, Jean Pierre Gabriel, alias Ti Gabriel. A third force was the 400 Mawozo gang, described as the largest in Haiti. It operates around Croix-des-Bouquets, Ganthier, Tabarre and Pétion-Ville, has branches in Gros-Morne and the Dominican Republic, and keeps a waiting list for aspiring members. Within months, both alliances were pushing beyond their first neighborhoods.
On the 7th of July 2021, president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated. G9 helped the government hunt the 28 foreign perpetrators. Ariel Henry, whom some people believe to be linked to the killing, became acting prime minister. The gangs read the new government as weak and exploited it. Chérizier, who had lost a suspected ally in Moïse, began voicing political ambitions and openly opposed Henry.
On the 17th of October 2021, G9 forced Henry to flee an official commemoration, then blockaded the country's largest oil terminal for a month. G9 first said it would lift the blockade only if the government resigned. Henry refused, and the two sides reached a secret deal. Foote described Henry as "kind of a clown," and said gangs had made him pay them money before they would let him attend an event or hold a ceremony.
By 2022, most gangs in the capital had picked G9 or G-Pep. From April to May, the Battle of Plaine du Cul-de-Sac pitted 400 Mawozo, Chen Mechan, G9 and two other gangs against one another. Over 200 people died, many of them civilians. In May 2022, 400 Mawozo joined G-Pep after its leader was extradited to the United States from a Haitian prison on gun smuggling charges. The move strengthened G-Pep and pushed violence higher.
On the 10th of June 2022, the 5 Seconds Village de Dieu gang captured the Court of First Instance of Port-au-Prince. On the 8th and the 9th of July, street battles killed 89 people and injured 74. The fighting halted operations at the nearby Varreux terminal, the country's largest fuel depot, because two tankers could not be unloaded. Doctors Without Borders said it could not reach the slum at the center of the violence.
In September 2022, as fuel prices rose, G9 blockaded the Varreux terminal. On the 6th of November, after two weeks of negotiations and an armed offensive by the Haitian National Police, the coalition gave up control of the terminal.
From late 2022, a vigilante movement called bwa kale began to hunt and kill gang members. The vigilantes often burned captured gang members alive. They also turned on regular security forces and murdered at least one police officer with no known gang connections. The gangs struck back by killing community leaders who had voiced support for self-defense.
In January 2023, the Gran Grif gang murdered 18 police officers in Port-au-Prince. The killings set off riots organized by the police and by Fantom 509, a police-allied gang.
In April 2023, three gangs named Titanyen, Base 5 Secondes and Canaan attacked the commune of Cabaret to break a blockade set by local self-defense groups. At least 100 people were killed. On the 14th of April, the Nan Brooklyn gang of G-Pep fought G9's Belekou and Boston gangs in Cité Soleil. The clash lasted six days and left at least 70 dead.
Thirty lynchings were reported in May 2023, double the April figure, and a toll of 150 deaths is attached to the wave of killings. In Pétion-Ville, residents set up checkpoints to check identities and spot gang members. Machetes were handed out in the capital. President Ariel Henry asked the movement's initiators to "calm down" and give suspected bandits to the police.
By mid-2023 the war between G9 and G-Pep continued, and thousands of people had been displaced. On the 1st of November, the Grand Ravine gang, led by Ti Lapli, attacked the Mariani area. One police officer was killed and more than 2,400 civilians left their homes. Gangs also took the offices of the National Directorate for Water and Sanitation there, which supply water to other districts. On the 8th of December, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned four gang leaders: Johnson André, called Izo; Renel Destina, called Ti Lapli; Vitel'Homme Innocent; and Wilson Joseph, called Lanmò San Jou.
On the 12th of December, police advanced from Carrefour into Mariani. Excavators razed many houses around the market that gangs were said to use. On the 26th of December, the U.S. Embassy in Port-au-Prince went on lockdown after gunfire nearby.
A 2023 United Nations report by Robert Muggah estimated the country could hold as many as half a million weapons. In 2024 he said that over 80 percent of the guns the ATF traced from 2020 to 2022 came from the United States. A UN report on the 15th of January 2024 counted 2,490 kidnappings and 4,789 reported homicides in the preceding year. On the 1st of February 2024, Joly Germine, leader of 400 Mawozo, pleaded guilty in a U.S. federal court to smuggling rifles into Haiti. He had run the operation from inside a Haitian prison.
On the 29th of February 2024, acting prime minister Ariel Henry was in Kenya, signing an agreement meant to get around a Kenyan High Court ruling against the UN-backed mission. Violence broke out at home. Gunfire hit Toussaint Louverture International Airport and nearby businesses, two police stations were seized, and Sunrise Airways stopped flying. The same day, G9 and G-Pep united as Viv Ansanm, Haitian Creole for "Live Together," under Chérizier. The source says the coalition dissolved quickly, though gangs kept attacking alongside G9. Chérizier released a video saying he meant to stop Henry from returning. Asked on the 1st of March whether it was safe to go back, Henry shrugged.
On the 2nd and the 3rd of March, gangs stormed the two largest prisons, in Croix des Bouquets and in Port-au-Prince, and more than 4,700 inmates escaped. Only 9,000 police were working, and they were undermanned and outgunned. Gang leaders demanded Henry's resignation, and Chérizier said he wanted to capture the police chief and government ministers. At least 12 people were killed and the UN estimated that 15,000 had fled. On the 3rd of March, finance minister Michel Patrick Boisvert declared a 72-hour state of emergency and a nighttime curfew. The UN said gangs controlled around 80% of the capital.
On the 4th of March, gangs attacked the fortified airport after rumors that Henry would return. Johnson André, leader of the 5 Seconds gang, appeared to be linked to the attacks. Guy Philippe, who led the 2004 coup d'état, was reported to be aiming for the presidency. The Stade Sylvio Cator and the national bank were also attacked.
On the 5th of March, Henry landed at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in Puerto Rico. A police station in Bas-Peu-de-Chose was burned on the 6th. The privately owned Caribbean Port Services terminal, vital for food and supplies, was looted, and port operations were suspended indefinitely. On the 8th, gangs attacked the National Palace and two more police stations and burned down the interior ministry. They also breached the airport's security perimeter. On the 9th, they occupied the headquarters of the Institute of Social Welfare. Police launched a large counteroffensive that night after three more stations were burned.
On the 10th of March, the United States flew its nonessential embassy staff out by helicopter and sent in additional Marines. The European Union evacuated all its diplomatic staff, and the Dominican Republic's air force evacuated the German embassy. On the 12th of March, under heavy international pressure, Henry said he would resign. On the 19th, CARICOM and UN officials filled seven of the eight seats on a presidential council, and the last was delayed by the 21st of December Agreement group, which backed Henry.
On the 21st of March, bwa kale vigilantes killed a gang leader known as Makandal in Pétion-Ville. A day later police killed Ernst Julme, leader of Delmas 95, in the same area. Julme's death was described as a major setback for Chérizier's bid to take the capital. Henry resigned on the 25th of April and a Transitional Presidential Council took over. On the 28th of May, it chose Garry Conille as acting prime minister.
On the 2nd of October 2023, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2699 authorized a Kenya-led "multinational security support mission" to Haiti, for a one-year deployment. Chérizier declared that G9 would resist if the force committed "human rights abuses." He added that it would "be a fight of the Haitian people to save the dignity of our country."
On the 29th of February 2024, the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin and Chad pledged troops. Benin's commitment of 1,500 soldiers was the largest, and Kenya had agreed to provide 1,000 police officers. Belize and Antigua and Barbuda also offered people. U.S. officials said American troops would not be sent. Kenyan official Kithure Kindiki said his officers were ready, but no date was set, and the United States pressed Kenya in several meetings. Kenyan President William Ruto met U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken on the 11th of March. Blinken later announced another $100 million for the mission.
Kenya's first contingent of 400 police officers landed in Port-au-Prince on the 26th of June 2024, after months of delay. A second group of 200 officers arrived on the 16th of July. On the 12th of September, twenty Jamaican soldiers, four Jamaican police officers and two Belizean soldiers arrived. On the 3rd of January 2025, seventy-five Guatemalan military police and eight Salvadoran airmen landed. On the 5th of February 2026, Haitian police received three K200A1 armored vehicles.
Chérizier called the Kenyans assassins and mercenaries in a June 2024 interview. He said they were there to protect the interests of American oligarchs and that Viv Ansanm would fight. Viv Ansanm reportedly massacred over 180 people in December 2024. In April 2025, it stormed the police station and prison in Mirebalais, set the buildings on fire and freed around 500 prisoners. In Artibonite, an attack on police and the mission killed a Kenyan police officer and destroyed three armored vehicles.
On the 12th of May, gang members fired on a helicopter near Carrefour Vincent, and it crashed in the Bourdon neighborhood with no casualties. On the 2nd of July, UN assistant secretary-general Miroslav Jenča said Port-au-Prince was "paralyzed by gangs" and that the "total collapse of state presence in the capital could become a very real scenario." On the 23rd of September, a drone attack in Cité Soleil killed 13 people, eight of them children. Human rights groups said police were behind it. On the 14th of January 2026, Haitian forces used FPV drones in an attempt to kill Chérizier. They destroyed three of his homes, and he survived.
The fighting also spilled across borders. On the 4th of April 2024, two gangs, 5 Seconds and one called Taliban, attacked the Panama-flagged freighter MSC Magalie in the Caribbean. They brought it into the Varreux terminal and took everyone aboard hostage. They stole a sixth of its cargo, which was entirely rice. On the 7th of April, police stormed the ship in a five-hour gun battle. Two officers were hurt and several gang members died. The fate of the crew was left unclear.
The Turks and Caicos Islands received thousands of displaced Haitians and launched "Operation Shepherd," with joint patrols and more sea surveillance. On the 28th of July 2025, three people were killed and 10 injured in a nightspot in Providenciales. It was the islands' first mass shooting, and police blamed a Haitian gang.
On the Dominican side, deportations of Haitians passed 31,000 in 2021. In February 2023, work began on a 3.9-meter concrete wall along 164 km of the 392 km border. The $32 million wall carries radar, cameras, motion sensors, 70 watchtowers and 41 gates. On the 2nd of February 2026, the bodies of four decapitated Haitian women were found near the southern stretch of that border.
On the 18th of June 2024, the International Organization for Migration reported that more than 580,000 people had been displaced by the violence since March. Most came from communities already struggling, and the agency warned of more tension to come.
Hunger followed the displacement. On the 14th of October 2022, the World Food Programme reported a record 4.7 million people facing acute hunger, almost half the population. Of those, 19,000 were in the fifth and highest level on the scale, called "Catastrophe." In 2024, 5,636 people were reported to be starving and 5.7 million suffered "crisis levels of hunger or worse." Two million of the hungry lived outside gang-affected areas. Food prices rose 30% by July 2024, and food took up 70% of a typical household's spending. The poorest turned to mud cookies. Many women and girls, some only fifteen, were pushed into prostitution for food. A UN spokesperson, Stéphane Dujarric, said the famine involved one of the highest proportions of acutely food insecure people in any crisis. Jean-Martin Bauer of the World Food Programme called it the worst humanitarian crisis in Haiti since the 2010 earthquake. On the 24th of October 2024, gangs hit a World Food Programme helicopter with gunfire, and it landed safely.
A cholera epidemic from 2010 to 2019 had already killed at least 9,794 people. When gangs blockaded the main fuel port from September 2022, many hospitals closed or scaled back for lack of generator fuel. In October 2022 cholera returned. By the 9th of November the health ministry counted 136 deaths. The WHO later confirmed around 11,200 cases and 1,200 deaths from October 2022 to April 2025. By 2024-60% of hospitals could not operate. Vandals at St. Francis de Sales hospital caused damage estimated at $3 million, and up to 20% of medical staff had left. Even before the escalation, Haiti had the worst childbirth conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean. On the 17th of March 2024, a UNICEF container of items for infants and mothers was looted at the port. UNICEF executive director Catherine Russell compared the anarchy to the film Mad Max.
The U.S. Treasury Department said Johnson André's 5 Second gang was responsible for over 1,000 cases of sexual violence in 2022. Rape only became a criminal offense in Haiti in 2005, and gangs use it to humiliate people in rival neighborhoods. Abortion is illegal, so victims must carry pregnancies to term. In 2024, the UN reported a tenfold rise in sexual violence against children. UNICEF spokesman James Elder said armed groups had turned children's bodies into battlegrounds. More than half a million children were displaced, nearly one in eight nationwide, a 48% rise since September. According to UN estimates, children make up as many as half of armed group members.
In October 2021, a gang kidnapped seventeen people tied to an American aid group, including five children, at an orphanage visit. The kidnappers demanded $17 million. On the 7th of November 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice unsealed charges against gang leaders involved, and the State Department offered rewards of $3 million. On the 16th of May 2025, a U.S. jury convicted the gang's leader. Journalists were also targeted. UNESCO recorded at least 13 killed from 2020 to 2024, nine of them in 2022, the deadliest year in recent memory. The Committee to Protect Journalists counted one in 2023 and two in 2024.
The violence also reached Vodou, the religion of many Haitians. In March 2024, gangs seized Saut-d'Eau, where a 100-foot waterfall has drawn thousands of Vodou and Christian followers for decades. They blocked the yearly pilgrimage honoring the Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel, who is closely associated with the Vodou goddess Erzulie Dantor. On the 6th and the 7th of December 2024, the Wharf Jérémie gang killed over 207 people in Cité Soleil, led by Monell McCano Felix. Most victims were elderly residents accused of using voodoo to make a gang leader's child ill. Today, in the middle of the war, Haitians still visit Vodou priests called oungans to ask where kidnapped relatives are, where to find life-saving medicine, and how to protect their neighborhoods.
Updated
Common questions
What is bwa kale?
Bwa kale is an armed vigilante movement that emerged in late 2022 to fight the gangs. Its members often burned captured gang members alive and sometimes turned on regular security forces.
What is Viv Ansanm?
Viv Ansanm means "Live Together" in Haitian Creole. It is the coalition led by Jimmy Chérizier that united G9 and G-Pep on the 29th of February 2024.
What did UN Security Council Resolution 2699 do?
Approved on the 2nd of October 2023, it authorized a Kenya-led "multinational security support mission" to help the Haitian government deal with the crisis.
When did Ariel Henry leave office?
Henry said he would resign on the 12th of March 2024. He resigned on the 25th of April 2024, and the Transitional Presidential Council chose Garry Conille as acting prime minister on the 28th of May.
Which gang is described as the largest in Haiti?
The 400 Mawozo gang is described as the largest. It operates around Croix-des-Bouquets, Ganthier, Tabarre and Pétion-Ville, and it is known for mass kidnappings.
All sources
374 references cited across the entry
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- 160NewsHaiti declares state of emergency after thousands of dangerous inmates escapeSam Jones — 4 March 2024
- 161NewsHaiti declares a curfew as it tries to restore order after weekend jailbreak, explosion of violenceEvans Sanon et al. — The Associated Press — 3 March 2024
- 162NewsViolent Prison Break Sparks Murder, Mayhem in HaitiJim Wyss — 4 March 2024
- 163NewsHaiti has deployed its army; troops joined police to push back gang takeover of airportJacqueline Charles — McClatchy Media Network — 4 March 2024
- 164NewsHaiti's weekend of violence puts government future in doubtLuke Taylor — 4 March 2024
- 165News'Catastrophic' fears in Washington as Haiti crisis worsensMatt Berg et al. — 5 March 2024
- 166NewsHaiti crisis: UN chief calls for 'urgent action' to end rampant insecurity5 March 2024
- 167NewsHaitian prime minister lands in Puerto Rico as he tries to return home to quell gang violenceEvens Sanon et al. — The Associated Press — 5 March 2024
- 168NewsHaiti extends state of emergency as violence and displacement soar7 March 2024
- 169NewsAs gangs attack a critical port, 'Haiti will go hungry soon'Widlore Mérancourt et al. — 7 March 2024
- 170NewsHaiti crisis: Armed men attack police stations near National Palace as gang violence spiralsMichael Rios et al. — 9 March 2024
- 171NewsGangs attack Haiti's national palace in Port-au-Prince: SourceMatt Rivers — 8 March 2024
- 172NewsHaitian Gangs Torch Ministry as Nation Descends Into LawlessnessJim Wyss — 9 March 2024
- 178NewsUS airlifts embassy staff out of Haiti as gangs besiege political areaTom Phillips
- 179NewsAs Haiti gang violence rages, EU evacuates all diplomatic staffŠejla Ahmatović — 12 March 2024
- 180Embajada de Alemania en Haití es evacuada de emergencia10 March 2024
- 187NewsHaiti's leader to resign as gangs run rampant through country engulfed in crisisCaitlin Stephen Hu et al. — 12 March 2024
- 188South Florida congresswoman: Haiti gang takeover poses 'security risk' to USSaira Anwer — 11 March 2024
- 192Radio RFM 104.9 (@MARADIOFM) on X13 March 2024
- 195NewsUS YouTuber YourFellowArab Kidnapped In Haiti While Trying To Interview Gang LeaderBhavya Sukheja — 30 March 2024
- 196NewsHaiti transition plan finally settled, says source19 March 2024
- 197NewsSuspected Haiti gang members set on fire as conflict spreads to capital suburb21 March 2024
- 200NewsGangs target largest neighborhood in capitalMarch 21, 2024
- 202NewsTransitional council in Haiti selects new prime minister for a country under siege by gangsDánica Coto — The Associated Press — 28 May 2024
- 204Two American Missionaries Killed by Haitian GangMay 24, 2024
- 205NewsGang violence in Haiti has displaced nearly 580,000 people, a new UN report saysEvens Sanon et al. — The Associated Press — 19 June 2024
- 208NewsThe country that wants to take on Haiti's gangsAlex Kliment — September 2023
- 210Non-international armed conflict in HaitiWar Watch — 2025-12-17
- 211NewsPNH: les nouveaux blindés sud-coréens, résultat d'un projet du haut commandement de Frantz ElbéVant Bef Info — 6 February 2026
- 212NewsMassacre in Haiti's Capital Leaves Nearly 200 Dead, U.N. SaysFrances Robles — 8 December 2024
- 213A Carte Blanche for the Black Masks30 June 2024
- 219Des journalistes menacés par des gangs : L'AJH et SOS Journalistes dénoncent et appellent à l'actionCelestin — 23 October 2024
- 220NewsSpirit Airlines flight to Haiti diverted after being reportedly hit by gunfire11 November 2024
- 221Accident: Spirit A20N at Port au Prince on Nov 11th 2024, aircraft being shot atSimon Hradecky — 2024-11-11
- 222NewsFAA bans U.S. flights to Haiti for 30 days after Spirit plane was hit by gunfireKarla Marie Sanford et al. — 12 November 2024
- 226VideoGouvènman an ak KPT a rèmèt yon lo materyèl blennde bay lame a pou ranfòse lPrimature de la République d'Haïti — 2025-11-08
- 228UCDP - Force Resistance Chandelle-Civilians6-10-2026
- 229GRAN GRIF6-10-2026
- 230Nine killed in Haiti in latest gang attack12 December 2024
- 231Three shot dead as gunmen attack Haiti hospital25 December 2024
- 233NewsArmed gangs kill 50 in attack near Haiti's capital3 February 2025
- 234NewsKenscoff gang attack & displacement10 February 2025
- 236Gangs launch a new and deadly attack on Haiti's capital as dozens flee26 February 2025
- 237Haiti police raid gang leader's stronghold in capital2 March 2025
- 239Kenyan police officer killed after gang ambush, Haiti says27 March 2025
- 240Gangs attack police station, prison in central Haiti town, more than 500 inmates escapeJacqueline Charles — 31 March 2025
- 245NewsProminent Haitian businessman, former presidential hopeful arrested by ICE in South FloridaJacqueline Charles et al. — July 21, 2025
- 246Gang attacks kill 3 police officers, 9 civilians in Artibonite, sparking outrage over government inactionJoseph Onès — 23 July 2025
- 248Irish missionary among nine kidnapped in Haiti orphanage raid4 August 2025
- 249Police in Haiti regain control of key telecom hub seized by gangs27 August 2025
- 254Haiti: at least eight children among 13 killed in drone attack on birthday party23 September 2025
- 257Haitian police destroy helicopter, kill 7 in gang shootout14 November 2025
- 258NewsSuspected Haitian gang members exchange fire with Marines protecting U.S. EmbassyNovember 15, 2025
- 261NewsHaitian gangs' call for mobilization prompts high alert from foreign embassies, policeJacqueline Charles — November 17, 2025
- 262NewsUS Marines return fire after attack on embassy in Haiti amid escalating gang clashesJuhakenson Blaise — November 16, 2025
- 266Haiti retakes control of key area in capital from gangsEvens Sanon et al. — 25 February 2026
- 267NewsDozens killed in Haiti's capital following internal clashes within a powerful gang coalition10 December 2025
- 268NewsHaitian authorities confirm Erik Prince-linked mercenaries took part in anti-gang raidsJuhakenson Blaise — January 15, 2026
- 269Haiti drone operation strikes home of gang leader 'Barbecue'15 January 2026
- 270U.S. Gunboats Patrol Haiti's Waters amid Wrangling over a New Government5 February 2026
- 271US deploys three warships to Haiti5 February 2026
- 273U.S. Embassy in Haiti4 February 2026
- 281Five Salvadoran Soldiers Missing in Haiti After AmbushFrances Robles — 19 October 2026
- 284Remains Found in Haiti Could Be Those of Missing Salvadoran SoldiersDavid C. Adams et al. — 24 October 2026
- 288Désignation de Viv Ansanm et de Gran GrifU. S. Embassy Haiti — 2025-05-02
- 290NewsAs a Massacre Unfolded, a Frantic Call: 'Send for Help'David C. Adams — 2024-10-07
- 292Children among 70 killed in Haiti gang 'massacre'Rob Corp — 4 October 2024
- 293Thousands flee gang killings in Haiti breadbasket town, media reportsHarold Isaac et al. — 3 October 2024
- 296NewsAt least 70 people killed and 30 injured in Haiti gang attack1 April 2026
- 297NewsDozens killed in multi-day gang attack in Haiti1 April 2026
- 301At least 40 Haitian migrants killed in boat fire, says IOM19 July 2024
- 305Haiti's Gangs Try Their Hand at Piracy, Hijacking a Ship Full of FoodThe Maritime Executive
- 310Dominican Republic begins building border wall with HaitiEzequiel Abiu et al. — February 20, 2022
- 311A 101-Mile Wall Goes Up to Block Haitians Pouring Over BorderDanielle Balbi — September 28, 2022
- 312Dominican Republic starts work on border wall with HaitiJoe Parkin Daniels — 25 Feb 2022
- 317NewsWith Haiti in Chaos, a Humanitarian Crisis Is Rapidly Unfolding (Published 2024)Frances Robles et al. — 2024-03-09
- 322NewsCholera kills at least seven in Haiti as disease returnsHarold Isaac et al. — 2022-10-02
- 323NewsMedical teams raise alarms as deadly cholera outbreak grows amid violence in HaitiLauren Pelley — CBC News — 16 October 2022
- 324Canadian officials return from Haiti as Ottawa weighs military response to crisisLee Berthiaume — 31 October 2022
- 325Haiti's cholera death roll rises to 136 as outbreak gets 'worse and worse every day'Etant Dupain — CNN — 9 November 2022
- 326NewsCholera – Haiti
- 328NewsCholera worldwide overview
- 330Catastrophic hunger levels recorded for the first time in HaitiWorld Food Programme — 14 October 2022
- 331'Every day you're hopeless': Haitians eye foreign help warily as gangs, cholera outbreak take tollAnselm Gibbs — 19 October 2022
- 333Over 5 Million People in Haiti Experiencing 'Crisis' Levels of Hunger or Higher, New IPC Report ShowsKenneal Patterson — 2024-09-30
- 335Hunger in Haiti reaches famine levels as gangs squeeze life out of the capital and beyondEvens Sanon et al. — 2024-09-30
- 338News'Collective rapes' surge as weapon in Haiti's gang warWidlore Merancourt et al. — 29 January 2024
- 344NewsAmerican missionaries and family members kidnapped in Haiti by '400 Mawozo' gang, groups sayAnthony Faiola — 17 October 2021
- 345NewsGang suspected in kidnapping of missionaries is among the country's most dangerousConstant Méheut et al. — 2021-10-17
- 346NewsMissionaries with an American Christian group are kidnapped in Haiti.Maria Abi-Habib et al. — 2021-10-17
- 347NewsKidnappers in Haiti Demand $17 Million to Free Missionary GroupAndre Paultre et al. — 2021-10-19
- 354NewsUN maternity aid looted in Port-au-Prince as Haiti crisis deepensCaitlin Hu et al. — 2024-03-17
- 355NewsHaiti's Hospitals Survived Cholera and Covid. Gangs Are Closing Them.David C. Adams et al. — 2024-03-17
- 356News'It is simply best not to get pregnant': women left terrified as Haiti's maternity services collapseLuke Taylor — 2024-04-12
- 357NewsParts of Haiti left in darkness after armed groups attack power stationsChar Adams et al. — 2024-03-18
- 358NewsHaïti : quatorze corps retrouvés dans une banlieue de Port-au-Prince attaquée par les gangsHéloïse Mélan — 2023-08-18
- 359Education under attack in Haiti28 February 2025
- 363Record cocaine seizure in Haitian waters underlines country's 'pivotal' trafficking roleDaniel Dickinson — 2025-11-30
- 365UN Sounds Alarm on Haiti's Growing Role in Global Drug TradeMariam Shenawy — 2025-12-01
- 367Haiti: the new Caribbean epicenter for drug traffickingDIÁLOGO AMÉRICAS — 2026-04-07
- 368Haiti Is in a Crisis of State Capacity Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceChristopher Shell — 2025-12-17
- 373A gang leader in Haiti is accused of massacring older people to avenge his son's deathEvens Sanon et al. — 2024-12-09
- 374BookGangs of Haiti: Expansion, power and an escalating crisisSummer Walker — Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime — October 2022
- 375BookRegional Overview Latin America & the Caribbean April 2023ACLED — May 2023
- 376BookKilling with Impunity: State-Sanctioned Massacres in HaitiHarvard — April 2021
- 377BookAttacks on deprived neighborhoodsRNDDH — 23 June 2020
- 378BookMassacres in Bel-Air and Cité Soleil Under the Indifferent Gaze of State AuthoritiesRNDDH — 20 May 2021
- 379BookViv Ansanm: How a gang coalition has transformed violence in Port-au-PrinceGlobal Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime — July 2024