2008 Russo-Georgian diplomatic crisis

• 1. Diplomatic Escalation And Kosovo Precedent

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  On the 14th of February 2008, President of Russia Vladimir Putin declared that Moscow had prepared homework in case of Kosovo's declaration of independence. He stated the country would respond accordingly to any Western recognition of Kosovo. This announcement set a new tone for relations between Tbilisi and Moscow. The crisis escalated rapidly after Russia announced it would no longer participate in Commonwealth of Independent States economic sanctions imposed on Abkhazia in 1996. A session was called by Russia's Duma for the 13th of March to discuss the issue of recognition of unrecognized republics in the former Soviet Union. Both Abkhazia and South Ossetia submitted formal requests for recognition of their independence to Russia and the international community. They cited the precedent of the recognition of Kosovo as justification for their claims. On the 6th of March 2008, Russia cancelled Commonwealth of Independent States sanctions imposed on Abkhazia in 1996 and declared them outdated. Georgia's central government in Tbilisi protested the Russian decision immediately. The other CIS countries did not embrace cancellation of sanctions. Shalva Natelashvili, leader of the Georgian Labour Party, warned this Russian action would lead to the loss of Abkhazia for Georgia. Minister of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia Dimitrij Rupel said foreign ministers of the European Union were concerned by this development. Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt stated that Russian economic ties with Abkhazia could lead to de facto annexation which was alarming. European Commissioner for External Relations Benita Ferrero-Waldner said there was a growing preoccupation and anxiety that Russia may be paving the way for recognition of Abkhazia. She declared the EU's support for Georgia's territorial integrity. On the 10th of March 2008, first deputy head of the Committee on International Affairs of the Russian State Duma Leonid Slutsky said that Abkhazia must be encouraged including by lifting restrictions for fulfillment of obligations for solving the conflict. On the 13th of March, the Duma Committee for CIS recommended deepening links with Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Other recommendations included establishment of diplomatic missions in regions and removal of import duties on goods created by businesses with Russian co-owners in regions. The Nezavisimaya Gazeta daily described the hearing as launch of procedure of recognition. On the 21st of March 2008, Russian State Duma adopted resolution calling on President of Russia and government to consider recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Alexey Ostrovsky, Chairman of State Duma Committee for CIS Affairs and Relations with Compatriots, said NATO could not accept Georgia until Georgia settled its territorial disputes. He suggested in April that Russian government had right to recognize Abkhazia and South Ossetia if Georgia's NATO membership was forced. On the 3rd of April 2008, heads of state of Abkhazia and South Ossetia received letter from Russian president Putin at same time when NATO summit was being held in Bucharest. Letter called separatist leaders presidents and assured them of practical not declaratory assistance from Russia. On the 8th of April, Russian Ministry of Justice informed Georgian colleagues in letter that Russian links with two breakaway regions would be bolstered. Journalist Petru Bogatu later wrote that after Bucharest summit announced membership would be considered in December 2008, Russian diplomats and journalists attending summit suggested war in Caucasus before December was inevitable. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov announced that Russia would do everything to prevent Georgia's and Ukraine's NATO membership. Chief of General Staff of Russian Armed Forces Yuri Baluyevsky said on the 11th of April that Russia would carry out steps of different nature in addition to military action to block NATO membership of former Soviet republics. Baluyevsky statement was not seen as accidental by Russian media because he had never been known for making unsanctioned statements. Members of Georgian parliament saw Baluyevsky statement as threat of Russian military incursion into Georgia. Secretary-General of Collective Security Treaty Organization Nikolay Bordyuzha said ODKB would respond to NATO enlargement. First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Sergei Ivanov suggested that Russian industrial enterprises and economy could be refocused on needs of war. On the 15th of May, Yuri Baluyevsky urged NATO at session of NATO-Russia Council to stop arming Georgia. He said I do not exclude possibility of military conflict in Georgia. Nezavisimaya Gazeta reported on the 14th of April that soon-to-be-announced steps against NATO expansion included establishment of direct official contacts with separatist authorities and presidential decree prepared to this effect. Konstantin Zatulin, Deputy Chairman of State Duma Committee on CIS Affairs and Relations with Russian Compatriots, said recognition should be postponed to December 2008 to avoid sharp escalation with West in beginning of presidential term of Dmitry Medvedev. However, he also said now our steps towards unrecognized republics will meet with understanding in world as response to US recognition of Kosovo. If we do not solve problem now then it will remind of itself closer to Olympics. Anonymous Russian diplomat who had worked in Georgia said direct Russian military presence in Abkhazia and South Ossetia would prevent Georgia's NATO membership. His words were interpreted as suggesting de facto annexation intended by draft decree. On the 15th of April 2008 embassy of South Ossetia opened in Sukhumi, Abkhazia. On the 16th of April 2008 Vladimir Putin announced some separatist-authored documents would be accepted by Russia. He said there would be partnership between Russia and separatists in some areas also ordering government to recognize entities registered under Abkhaz and South Ossetian laws. Possibility of consular assistance for populations of Abkhazia and South Ossetia would be considered. This decision linked to push for Georgia to receive NATO Membership Action Plan indirectly and unilateral declaration of independence by Kosovo. United States Department of State official Sean McCormack said US studying Putin order and statements of Russian Foreign Ministry. Minister for Foreign Affairs of Abkhazia Sergei Shamba said Abkhazia very close to recognition. Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Ossetia Murat Jioev commented this is actual implementation of all methods that President of Russian Federation mentioned saying they would not repeat Kosovo option and Russia has its own preparations. Russian ambassador to Georgia Vyacheslav Kovalenko said no conflict between Georgia and Russia regarding Abkhazia and South Ossetia. President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity approved Putin decision saying it was only right solution to save lives of Russian citizens. Rallies held in Abkhazia on the 6th of May to thank Vladimir Putin for support for Abkhazia. Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia David Bakradze said Russian decree to establish ties with separatis regions was legalisation of de facto annexation process. Secretary General of NATO Jaap de Hoop Scheffer urged Russia to annul move. Swedish foreign minister Carl Bildt said Georgia's territorial integrity contributes to stability of wider Caucasus region. He also noted Putin decree followed Georgian announcement of new peace plan on Abkhazia. Twenty-five members of Parliamentary Assembly of Council of Europe issued declaration stating Russian peacekeepers not neutral but are party to conflicts and UN forces should be deployed in their stead. European Union issued statement expressing concern and calling on Russia not to implement decision to establish ties with breakaway regions. On the 18th of April 2008 United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice expressed concerns over Putin decree with her Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov during phone talk held at her initiative. US presidential candidate John McCain said Russia aim was de facto annexation. Ukraine, President of Lithuania Valdas Adamkus, Chairman of OSCE Alexander Stubb, US envoy to OSCE Julie Finley, Special Representative of United Kingdom Brian Fall and members of European Parliament also condemned Russian move. Direct contacts between Russia and Abkhazia on relocation of Russian citizens from Abkhaz jails raised concern from Secretary General of Council of Europe Terry Davis since dealings done without seeking permission of Georgian government. On the 22nd of April 2008 Vadim Gustov member of Federation Council of Russia said Federation Council would not adopt resolution recognizing Abkhazia and South Ossetia because Russian peacekeeping mandate would be terminated. Next day Federation Council postponed consideration of recognition. One hundred tenth United States Congress passed resolution on the 6th of May that said recent Russian actions provocative and Russia impedes reconciliation between those regions and government of Republic of Georgia. On the 8th of May 2008 Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs Daniel Fried stated at Congress While we have urged restraint on Georgia there is difference between very small vulnerable country and very large country that we have to keep in mind. In May 2008 Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs Matthew Bryza said Russia provocative actions seen as working against cause of peaceful settlement of Georgian-Abkhaz issue. On the 12th of May Russian Foreign Ministry denounced Bryza statement. Robert Parsons suggested on the 13th of May that Russia provoking Georgia into hasty action. He concluded war between Georgia and Russia would be disaster. Yet it is measure of Russia ambition and western diffidence that such outcome becoming conceivable. Russia state-owned Gazprom reported planning oil and gas survey in Abkhazia beginning the 1st of July 2008. In addition Abkhazia said international airline flights from Russia could use Sukhumi airport though International Civil Aviation Organization had said such flights inadmissible. Officials from Gazprom said Gazprom did not plan oil exploration in Abkhazia but did say proposal being considered to build gas pipeline to Abkhazia. Responding to Russian media reports sea links between Sochi in Russia and Gagra in Abkhazia resumed Georgia threatened complain to international marine organizations over use illegal routes.

• 2. NATO Membership Action Plan Controversy

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  On the 26th of February 2008 Belgium and Germany asked at NATO Individual Partnership Action Plan summit if Georgia acting conciliatory manner towards separatists in contrast Eastern Europe full support for granting Membership Action Plan to Georgia. On the 26th of February 2008 Georgian Foreign Ministry issued note to Vyacheslav Kovalenko Russian ambassador to Georgia because 2008 Russian presidential election held in Abkhazia and South Ossetia without Georgia consent. Russian presidential election held in Abkhazia and South Ossetia in February 2008 long before elections in Russia would be held polling stations opened almost all settlements of South Ossetia. According Shota Malashkhia member of Georgian parliament ethnic Georgian population in Abkhazia Gali District coerced vote in Russian elections. On the 1st of March 2008 Russian General Vasily Lunev former Deputy Commander Siberian Military District appointed defence minister of South Ossetia. After August war he suggested interview that he as military serviceman obeyed initiative superior become commander South Ossetian army. On the 6th of March 2008 Russia cancelled Commonwealth of Independent States sanctions imposed on Abkhazia in 1996 declared them outdated. Georgia central government Tbilisi protested Russian decision. Other CIS countries did not embrace cancellation sanctions. Shalva Natelashvili leader Georgian Labour Party warned this Russian action lead loss Abkhazia Georgia. Minister Foreign Affairs Slovenia Dimitrij Rupel said foreign ministers European Union concerned development while Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt stated Russian economic ties Abkhazia could lead de facto annexation alarming. European Commissioner External Relations Benita Ferrero-Waldner said growing preoccupation anxiety Russia may paving way recognition Abkhazia declared EU support Georgia territorial integrity. On the 10th of March 2008 first deputy head Committee International Affairs Russian State Duma Leonid Slutsky said Abkhazia must encouraged including lifting restrictions fulfillment obligations solving conflict. On the 11th of March Georgian MPs considering demand 20 billion United States dollars Moscow damages incurred Abkhazia. Dmitry Rogozin Russian ambassador NATO threatened move Georgia accede NATO increase support recognition independence Abkhazia and South Ossetia arguing exclusion separatist-controlled territories from NATO referendum held Georgia showed Georgia intention join NATO without them. Vice-speaker Russian parliament Leonid Slutsky said no decisions taken parliament hearings the 13th of March since Russia supported Georgia territorial integrity will not suddenly change position announce opposite. Rogozin also said Ukraine would lose eastern territories if continued pursuit NATO membership. Vladimir Socor observed At worst no MAP decision tempt Russia testing whether Georgia become fair game. On the 13th of March Deputy Speaker Parliament South Ossetia Tarzan Kokoity declared Abkhazia and South Ossetia become independent 2008. He stressed Russia already unofficially recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia long. On the 13th of March Duma Committee CIS following hearing unrecognized republics recommended deepening links Abkhazia South Ossetia Transnistria. Other recommendations included establishment diplomatic missions regions foreign ministry choose whether consulates another type mission removal import duties goods created businesses Russian co-owners regions increased humanitarian economic aid residents owning Russian passports. Nezavisimaya Gazeta daily described hearing launch procedure recognition. On the 21st of March 2008 Russian State Duma adopted resolution calling President Russia government consider recognition Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Alexey Ostrovsky Chairman State Duma Committee CIS Affairs Relations Compatriots said NATO could not accept Georgia until Georgia settled territorial disputes. Ostrovsky suggested April that Russian government right recognize Abkhazia and South Ossetia if Georgia NATO membership forced. On the 1st of April 2008 during visit Kyiv President United States George W Bush expressed support Georgia Ukraine accession NATO. Bush planned meet Russian president Putin the 6th of April Sochi. On the 3rd of April 2008 heads state Abkhazia South Ossetia received letter Russian president Putin same time when NATO summit being held Bucharest. Letter called separatist leaders presidents assured practical not declaratory assistance Russia. On the 8th of April Russian Ministry Justice informed Georgian colleagues letter Russian links two breakaway regions bolstered. Journalist Petru Bogatu later wrote after Bucharest summit announced membership considered December 2008 Russian diplomats journalists attending summit suggested war Caucasus before December inevitable. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov announced Russia do everything prevent Georgia Ukraine NATO membership. Chief General Staff Russian Armed Forces Yuri Baluyevsky said the 11th of April Russia carry out steps different nature addition military action block NATO membership former Soviet republics. Baluyevsky statement not seen accidental Russian media because never known making unsanctioned statements. Members Georgian parliament saw Baluyevsky statement threat Russian military incursion Georgia. Secretary-General Collective Security Treaty Organization Nikolay Bordyuzha said ODKB respond NATO enlargement. First Deputy Prime Minister Russia Sergei Ivanov suggested Russian industrial enterprises economy refocused needs war. On the 15th of May Yuri Baluyevsky urged NATO session NATO-Russia Council stop arming Georgia. He said I do not exclude possibility military conflict Georgia. Nezavisimaya Gazeta reported the 14th of April soon-to-be-announced steps against NATO expansion included establishment direct official contacts separatist authorities presidential decree prepared effect. Konstantin Zatulin Deputy Chairman State Duma Committee CIS Affairs Relations Russian Compatriots said recognition postponed December 2008 avoid sharp escalation West beginning presidential term Dmitry Medvedev. However he also said now our steps towards unrecognized republics meet understanding world response US recognition Kosovo. If we solve problem now remind itself closer Olympics. Anonymous Russian diplomat worked Georgia said direct Russian military presence Abkhazia South Ossetia prevent Georgia NATO membership. His words interpreted suggesting de facto annexation intended draft decree. On the 15th of April 2008 embassy South Ossetia opened Sukhumi Abkhazia. On the 16th of April 2008 Vladimir Putin announced some separatist-authored documents accepted Russia. He said partnership between Russia separatists areas ordering government recognize entities registered under Abkhaz South Ossetian laws. Possibility consular assistance populations Abkhazia South Ossetia considered. This decision linked push Georgia receive NATO Membership Action Plan indirectly unilateral declaration independence Kosovo. United States Department State official Sean McCormack said US studying Putin order statements Russian Foreign Ministry. Minister Foreign Affairs Abkhazia Sergei Shamba said Abkhazia very close recognition. Minister Foreign Affairs South Ossetia Murat Jioev commented this actual implementation all methods President Russian Federation mentioned saying not repeat Kosovo option Russia own preparations. Russian ambassador Georgia Vyacheslav Kovalenko said no conflict Georgia Russia regarding Abkhazia South Ossetia. President South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity approved Putin decision saying only right solution save lives Russian citizens. Rallies held Abkhazia the 6th of May thank Vladimir Putin support Abkhazia. Minister Foreign Affairs Georgia David Bakradze said Russian decree establish ties separatis regions legalisation de facto annexation process Secretary General NATO Jaap de Hoop Scheffer urged Russia annul move. Swedish foreign minister Carl Bildt said Georgia territorial integrity contributes stability wider Caucasus region. He also noted Putin decree followed Georgian announcement new peace plan Abkhazia. Twenty-five members Parliamentary Assembly Council Europe issued declaration stating Russian peacekeepers not neutral party conflicts UN forces deployed stead. European Union issued statement expressing concern calling Russia implement decision establish ties breakaway regions. On the 18th of April 2008 United States Secretary State Condoleezza Rice expressed concerns over Putin decree her Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov during phone talk held initiative. US presidential candidate John McCain said Russia aim de facto annexation. Ukraine President Lithuania Valdas Adamkus Chairman OSCE Alexander Stubb US envoy OSCE Julie Finley Special Representative United Kingdom Brian Fall members European Parliament condemned Russian move. Direct contacts Russia Abkhazia relocation Russian citizens Abkhaz jails raised concern Secretary General Council Europe Terry Davis dealings done seeking permission Georgian government. On the 22nd of April 2008 Vadim Gustov member Federation Council Russia said Federation Council adopt resolution recognizing Abkhazia South Ossetia because Russian peacekeeping mandate terminated. Next day Federation Council postponed consideration recognition. One hundred tenth United States Congress passed resolution the 6th of May recent Russian actions provocative Russia impedes reconciliation regions government Republic Georgia. On the 8th of May 2008 Assistant Secretary State European Eurasian Affairs Daniel Fried stated Congress While urged restraint Georgia difference between very small vulnerable country very large country keep mind. In May 2008 Deputy Assistant Secretary State European Eurasian Affairs Matthew Bryza said Russia provocative actions seen working against cause peaceful settlement Georgian-Abkhaz issue. On the 12th of May Russian Foreign Ministry denounced Bryza statement. Robert Parsons suggested the 13th of May Russia provoking Georgia hasty action. He concluded war Georgia Russia disaster. Yet measure Russia ambition western diffidence such outcome becoming conceivable. Russia state-owned Gazprom reported planning oil gas survey Abkhazia beginning the 1st of July 2008. In addition Abkhazia said international airline flights Russia use Sukhumi airport though International Civil Aviation Organization said flights inadmissible. Officials Gazprom said Gazprom not plan oil exploration Abkhazia did say proposal considered build gas pipeline Abkhazia. Responding Russian media reports sea links Sochi Russia Gagra Abkhazia resumed Georgia threatened complain international marine organizations over use illegal routes.

• 3. Drone Incidents And Airspace Violations

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  On the 20th of April 2008 a Georgian unarmed unmanned aerial vehicle UAV shot down over Abkhaz conflict zone. Georgia alleged MiG-29 Fulcrum fighter Gudauta military base responsible attack however allegation dismissed Russian Air Force. Georgia earlier denied Abkhaz separatist claim shot down drone 06:00 GMT. Abkhazia said guarding airspace downed drone Hermes 450 Israel. According deputy defence minister Republic Abkhazia Garry Kupalba L-39 aircraft Abkhaz Air Force destroyed drone. Furthermore Russian Ministry Foreign Affairs issued statement accusing Georgia violating 1994 Moscow agreement United Nations resolutions Abkhazia deploying without authorisation UAV which also can used adjusting fire. However Ministry Defense Georgia made video footage captured drone public next day. Video demonstrated unarmed Georgian drone attacked supposedly Russian MiG-29 supposedly Black Sea. Russia denied any Russian planes flying area during time attack. On the 21st of April 2008 President Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili called Russian president Putin phone discussed recent developments Russian-Georgian relations. On the 23rd of April 2008 closed meeting United Nations Security Council held New York. Georgia requested meeting convened. Georgian foreign minister Davit Bakradze attended meeting. After United Nations Security Council session United States United Kingdom France Germany expressed concern Russia actions Abkhazia statement urged Moscow enforce decision deepen ties Abkhazia South Ossetia. However labeled tall order Vitaly Churkin Permanent Representative Russia United Nations UN stressed Russia not annul decision. NATO Special Representative Caucasus Central Asia Robert Simmons said NATO supported statement US UK France Germany Russia questioned role Russia mediator settlement Abkhazian South Ossetian conflicts. Allegation attack NATO MiG-29 made Russian Ambassador NATO Dmitry Rogozin. NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer reportedly commented he eat tie turned out NATO MiG-29 magically appeared Abkhazia shot down Georgian drone. Early May 2008 Russian Abkhaz allegations two more Georgian reconnaissance drones shot over Abkhazia refuted Georgia provocation intended create information-propagandistic support Russia military intervention. On the 12th of May 2008 Abkhaz authorities reported shot down 7th Georgian drone Georgia rejected this. On the 26th of May 2008 United Nations Observer Mission Georgia released conclusion independent investigation the 20th of April incident. It confirmed Georgian video footage radar data authentic jet destroyed drone indeed Russian. Conclusion report said jet flew towards Russian territory after incident unclear attacker took off naming Gudauta base possible locality. Georgia hailed report Russia dismissed it. Georgian drone overflights Abkhazia officially halted early June Abkhazia accused Georgia continuing fly drones region. Military buildup Abkhazia On the 17th of April 2008 President Abkhazia Sergei Bagapsh warned Abkhazia deploy armed forces Gali District Abkhazia Kodori Valley Georgia withdraw armed forces Zugdidi Municipality upper Kodori Valley. On the 26th of April 2008 Valery Kenyaikin Special Representative Russian Ministry Foreign Affairs development relations CIS countries said conflict between Russia Georgia escalate military confrontation because Russia ready defend interests Russian citizens breakaway regions. High-ranking European source told Nezavisimaya Gazeta Russian escalation force some European countries change position support Georgia accelerated membership NATO. Response Kenyaikin statement Georgian foreign minister David Bakradze planning appeal NATO help. Russian foreign ministry official said Russian peacekeepers leave Abkhazia without Abkhazia consent only leave Georgia proper other side Enguri river. On the 29th of April Russian government said Georgia assembling 1,500 military troops police upper Kodori Gorge area planning attack Abkhazia. President Saakashvili televised address pledged pursue peaceful line conflict areas called Abkhaz Ossetians unite Georgia defying attempts outrageous irresponsible external actor provoke bloodshed. Russia announced boost military region Russian foreign minister Lavrov threatened retaliate militarily against Georgia. Prime Minister Georgia Lado Gurgenidze said Georgia treat additional troops Abkhazia aggressors. European Union called Russia refrain taking rash measures. Carl Bildt commented developments Abkhazia Russia provoking war Georgia. Georgian Foreign Ministry stated the 30th of April Russian armored vehicles heavy artillery additional military force crossed state border Psou River without Georgia consent. NATO official James Appathurai said Russia increased tensions undermined Georgia territorial integrity. Russia admission World Trade Organization WTO suspended Georgia April 29. On the 29th of April 2008 residents Moscow noticed new Russian tanks marched Leningradsky Avenue one tank had inscription Tbilisi. Russian blogger commented war between Russia Georgia more real ever. Russian Cossacks North Caucasian volunteers declared readiness fight Georgia case renewed confrontation Abkhazia. Ataman Don Cossacks Viktor Vodolatsky declared the 30th of April Cossacks ready defend population Abkhazia South Ossetia Crimea. Movladi Udugov stated the 3rd of May Emir Imarat Kavkaz Dokka Umarov authorized establishment special group monitoring Russo-Georgian tensions Russian military deployments North Caucasus gathering intelligence Abkhazia South Ossetia 2 months ago. Early May anonymous Russian official stated Georgia prepared plan war Abkhazia help foreign advisors foreign embassies preparing evacuate Tbilisi. Georgian foreign ministry ridiculed assertion. Minister Defence Abkhazia said If they invade us need two days defend ourselves after two days reach Kutaisi West Georgia ourselves enough troops equipment. On the 6th of May 2008 Georgian State Minister Reintegration Temur Iakobashvili said Georgia verge war Russia. Iakobashvili also said know signals see propaganda waged against Georgia. Abkhaz foreign minister Sergei Shamba said Abkhazia ready grant military control territory Psou Enguri rivers Russia. Alexey Ostrovsky Chairman State Duma Committee CIS Affairs Relations Compatriots responded Shamba statement Russia not consider building military bases Abkhazia until settlement Abkhazia status. United States Department State spokesman said Russia recent actions significantly unnecessarily heightened tensions region run counter Russia status facilitator UN Friends process Abkhazia. United States Department State demanded Russia reconsider some provocative steps. United States House Representatives denounced Russia provocative dangerous statements actions. Georgian media reported early May Russia aid citizens Abkhazia. Newspaper Rezonansi reported Russia Abkhaz separatists launch offensive Kodori Gorge. According statement Russian Ministry Defense issued the 8th of May number Russian peacekeepers deployed Abkhazia boosted 2,542. But Russian troop levels remained under cap 3,000 troops imposed 1994 decision CIS heads state. UN Observer Mission Georgia UNOMIG said monitors detected buildup administrative border Abkhazia Kodori Gorge. Russian Ministry Defense claimed chief UN observer agreed actions Russian side contradict basic agreements conduct peacekeeping operation. Mission later countered has authority pronounce conformity between CIS peacekeeping operation Zone Georgian-Abkhaz Conflict CIS rules. Sources Staff Russian Airborne Forces stated regular non-peacekeeping battalion 400 heavily armed troops sent Abkhazia without Georgia consent. On the 12th of May Deputy Assistant Secretary State European Eurasian Affairs Matthew Bryza during visit Tbilisi criticized Russian military deployment Abkhazia entire career never heard artillery used keep peace. On the 18th of May Georgia demonstrated video footage captured drone BBC allegedly proving Russian forces used heavy weaponry Abkhazia combat troops rather peacekeepers Russia denied accusations. On the 11th of May 2008 pro-Georgian government Abkhazia in-exile said detachment paratroopers arrived Tkvarcheli preparation storm Kodori Gorge commanded former chief staff CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces. Georgian media reported high-ranking Russian officers arrived Sukhumi coordinate actions Russian military Abkhazia. It emerged internet Abkhaz forces Russian generals created plan war Georgia codenamed Double Dbar Double Attack intended capture Kodori Gorge annexation parts western Georgia including Kutaisi. Russian forces kill Georgian residents Gali district. However if Georgia respond provocation militarily then Abkhaz post attacked group wearing NATO uniforms. Attack blamed Georgia Abkhazia recognized Russia. Russian military expert Alexander Golts wrote early May 2008 Nobody wants war sides doing everything spark military conflict. Georgian president Saakashvili said close armed conflict few days tension released bit. Saakashvili asserted told many Russian officials decided give up Abkhazia. Later Russian military expert Pavel Felgenhauer wrote Sergei Shamba statement plan carve buffer zone Georgia probably suggested Abkhazia intended deport residents area. According Felgenh although Georgia accused preparing war no signs combat arrangements Georgia. Separatist leader Sergei Bagapsh said favor Russia establishing military base Abkhazia called signing military treaty Taiwan Relations Act. Alexander Zelin commander Russian Air Forces said decision made promote implementation air defense tasks observed Russia similar cooperation Armenia. On the 16th of May 2008 Yuri Baluyevsky chief Russian General Staff denied Russia plans build military base Abkhazia. On the 15th of May 2008 Russian Defense Ministry published information military armaments given Georgia West claimed strengthening Georgia military capabilities serves destabilizing role military-political situation South Caucasus region. Georgian authorities said information military equipment outdated. On the 18th of May 2008 five Russian peacekeepers arrested along administrative border Abkhazia however later freed. According Georgia armored personnel carrier hit Georgian car town Zugdidi however Alexander Diordiev Russian peacekeeping official said crash instead Georgians provoked peacekeepers attempt discredit Russians. According Diordiev night 17-18 road near village Urta closed peacekeepers moving hardware then already damaged car arrived. Georgian police blamed car damage Russian peacekeepers used force against them. Diordiev stated Georgians knew advance redeployment hardware. Statement Russian Foreign Ministry issued the 19th of May 2008 said Georgians actions true street bandits saying Georgians used crude physical force against peacekeepers. Russian peacekeepers freed efforts Collective Forces Support Peace command UN mission. Nezavisimaya Gazeta reported the 19th of May Russian peacekeepers recently allowed undertake military actions independently necessary Abkhaz foreign minister Sergei Shamba said report credible. On the 21st of May 2008 heavy gunfire reported near Abkhaz administrative border Georgian interior ministry official said two buses passengers going vote Georgian elections attacked. Some reports bridge connecting Abkhazia Georgian region Mingrelia closed Abkhaz separatists during elections Georgia. Georgian officials accused Abkhazia attacks preventing Georgians voting legislative elections. Abkhaz president Sergei Bagapsh denied allegations instead attack occurred Georgian territory Georgians living Abkhazia interested voting. According Abkhazia order avert tensions Russian peacekeepers deployed along border. Georgian Foreign Ministry wrote protest note CIS secretariat May 21. Georgia requested illegal Russian troops weaponry removed Abkhazia saying recent deployment troops military hardware airborne battalion 50 BMD-2 airborne combat vehicles two artillery batteries contradicted 1995 resolution adopted CIS presidents council. On the 9th of June 2008 Georgian interior minister Vano Merabishvili commented statement Abkhaz authorities Kodori Gorge We do not want war putting things order our territory. He explained Kodori Gorge criminal haven Georgian authorities forced reestablish control. He also said Russia ready start war Abkhazia prevent Georgia NATO membership. On the 12th of June 2008 American political scientist Zbigniew Brzezinski said Russia trying gain control Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline destabilizing situation Georgia. On the 15th of June 2008 media reports said Russian military base established near village Agubedia Abkhazia Ochamchira District. According reports heavy weaponry sent there. Reports denied Russian Defense Ministry. Georgian-backed Abkhaz government-in-exile said the 17th of June Russia refused allow UN monitors area. On the 17th of June 2008 Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman warned Georgian attempt revise peacekeeping operation Georgian-Abkhaz conflict zone unfreeze conflict. According him due situation slip out control wider region. On the 17th of June 2008 four Russian peacekeepers military truck captured near border Georgia proper Abkhazia. Georgia Interior Ministry said peacekeepers moving 35 crates ammunition thus violating existing agreements while Russian Defense Ministry said detention violation all regulatory norms buffer zone. According Georgian police after nine hours interrogation peacekeepers released. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev told Georgian President Saakashvili phone the 18th of June Russia not tolerate provocations against Russian peacekeepers. Georgian Deputy Interior Minister Eka Zguladze said seized armaments not returned peacekeepers since presented any legal documents related weapons Georgian side informed Lieutenant General Alexander Burutin deputy head Russian General Staff compared arrest bandit attack the 19th of June saying Russian peacekeepers every right use weapons. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said June 21 Russia not tolerate such actions peacekeepers. Russian military expert Pavel Felgenhauer commenting situation conflict zone the 19th of June predicted war Georgia Abkhazia. Felgenhauer said the 20th of June Vladimir Putin already decided start war Georgia Abkhazia South Ossetia supposedly late August 2008. Provocations against Georgia begin Upper Abkhazia South Ossetia then war spread rest Georgia. On the 23rd of June 2008 Sergei Bagapsh said going close sea Georgia. On the 24th of June 2008 Russian peacekeepers established curfew Gali district Abkhazia complete control car roads. Russian Abkhaz forces conducting joint exercise near Kodori Gorge. On the 26th of June 2008 Russian president Dmitry Medvedev officially received Sergei Bagapsh president Abkhazia Moscow. Georgian deputy foreign minister Grigol Vashadze expressed concern meeting saying actions contrary resolutions UN Security Council. Russian Foreign Ministry surprised Georgian reaction. On the 29th of June two blasts Gagra six people wounded. Abkhaz president Bagapsh accused Georgia pursuing policy state terrorism. According source Gruziya Online one Russian vacationer Ural killed Gagra covered up. On the 30th of June two blasts Sukhumi wounded 6 people. Abkhaz authorities declared similar explosive devices used both Gagra Sukhumi. Abkhaz president visited location blasts Sukhumi announced closing border Georgia.

• 4. Military Buildup And Railway Troop Deployment

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  On the 17th of April 2008 President Abkhazia Sergei Bagapsh warned Abkhazia deploy armed forces Gali District Abkhazia Kodori Valley Georgia withdraw armed forces Zugdidi Municipality upper Kodori Valley. On the 26th of April 2008 Valery Kenyaikin Special Representative Russian Ministry Foreign Affairs development relations CIS countries said conflict between Russia Georgia escalate military confrontation because Russia ready defend interests Russian citizens breakaway regions. High-ranking European source told Nezavisimaya Gazeta Russian escalation force some European countries change position support Georgia accelerated membership NATO. Response Kenyaikin statement Georgian foreign minister David Bakradze planning appeal NATO help. Russian foreign ministry official said Russian peacekeepers leave Abkhazia without Abkhazia consent only leave Georgia proper other side Enguri river. On the 29th of April Russian government said Georgia assembling 1,500 military troops police upper Kodori Gorge area planning attack Abkhazia. President Saakashvili televised address pledged pursue peaceful line conflict areas called Abkhaz Ossetians unite Georgia defying attempts outrageous irresponsible external actor provoke bloodshed. Russia announced boost military region Russian foreign minister Lavrov threatened retaliate militarily against Georgia. Prime Minister Georgia Lado Gurgenidze said Georgia treat additional troops Abkhazia aggressors. European Union called Russia refrain taking rash measures. Carl Bildt commented developments Abkhazia Russia provoking war Georgia. Georgian Foreign Ministry stated the 30th of April Russian armored vehicles heavy artillery additional military force crossed state border Psou River without Georgia consent. NATO official James Appathurai said Russia increased tensions undermined Georgia territorial integrity. Russia admission World Trade Organization WTO suspended Georgia April 29. On the 29th of April 2008 residents Moscow noticed new Russian tanks marched Leningradsky Avenue one tank had inscription Tbilisi. Russian blogger commented war between Russia Georgia more real ever. Russian Cossacks North Caucasian volunteers declared readiness fight Georgia case renewed confrontation Abkhazia. Ataman Don Cossacks Viktor Vodolatsky declared the 30th of April Cossacks ready defend population Abkhazia South Ossetia Crimea. Movladi Udugov stated the 3rd of May Emir Imarat Kavkaz Dokka Umarov authorized establishment special group monitoring Russo-Georgian tensions Russian military deployments North Caucasus gathering intelligence Abkhazia South Ossetia 2 months ago. Early May anonymous Russian official stated Georgia prepared plan war Abkhazia help foreign advisors foreign embassies preparing evacuate Tbilisi. Georgian foreign ministry ridiculed assertion. Minister Defence Abkhazia said If they invade us need two days defend ourselves after two days reach Kutaisi West Georgia ourselves enough troops equipment. On the 6th of May 2008 Georgian State Minister Reintegration Temur Iakobashvili said Georgia verge war Russia. Iakobashvili also said know signals see propaganda waged against Georgia. Abkhaz foreign minister Sergei Shamba said Abkhazia ready grant military control territory Psou Enguri rivers Russia. Alexey Ostrovsky Chairman State Duma Committee CIS Affairs Relations Compatriots responded Shamba statement Russia not consider building military bases Abkhazia until settlement Abkhazia status. United States Department State spokesman said Russia recent actions significantly unnecessarily heightened tensions region run counter Russia status facilitator UN Friends process Abkhazia. United States Department State demanded Russia reconsider some provocative steps. United States House Representatives denounced Russia provocative dangerous statements actions. Georgian media reported early May Russia aid citizens Abkhazia. Newspaper Rezonansi reported Russia Abkhaz separatists launch offensive Kodori Gorge. According statement Russian Ministry Defense issued the 8th of May number Russian peacekeepers deployed Abkhazia boosted 2,542. But Russian troop levels remained under cap 3,000 troops imposed 1994 decision CIS heads state. UN Observer Mission Georgia UNOMIG said monitors detected buildup administrative border Abkhazia Kodori Gorge. Russian Ministry Defense claimed chief UN observer agreed actions Russian side contradict basic agreements conduct peacekeeping operation. Mission later countered has authority pronounce conformity between CIS peacekeeping operation Zone Georgian-Abkhaz Conflict CIS rules. Sources Staff Russian Airborne Forces stated regular non-peacekeeping battalion 400 heavily armed troops sent Abkhazia without Georgia consent. On the 12th of May Deputy Assistant Secretary State European Eurasian Affairs Matthew Bryza during visit Tbilisi criticized Russian military deployment Abkhazia entire career never heard artillery used keep peace. On the 18th of May Georgia demonstrated video footage captured drone BBC allegedly proving Russian forces used heavy weaponry Abkhazia combat troops rather peacekeepers Russia denied accusations. On the 11th of May 2008 pro-Georgian government Abkhazia in-exile said detachment paratroopers arrived Tkvarcheli preparation storm Kodori Gorge commanded former chief staff CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces. Georgian media reported high-ranking Russian officers arrived Sukhumi coordinate actions Russian military Abkhazia. It emerged internet Abkhaz forces Russian generals created plan war Georgia codenamed Double Dbar Double Attack intended capture Kodori Gorge annexation parts western Georgia including Kutaisi. Russian forces kill Georgian residents Gali district. However if Georgia respond provocation militarily then Abkhaz post attacked group wearing NATO uniforms. Attack blamed Georgia Abkhazia recognized Russia. Russian military expert Alexander Golts wrote early May 2008 Nobody wants war sides doing everything spark military conflict. Georgian president Saakashvili said close armed conflict few days tension released bit. Saakashvili asserted told many Russian officials decided give up Abkhazia. Later Russian military expert Pavel Felgenhauer wrote Sergei Shamba statement plan carve buffer zone Georgia probably suggested Abkhazia intended deport residents area. According Felgenh although Georgia accused preparing war no signs combat arrangements Georgia. Separatist leader Sergei Bagapsh said favor Russia establishing military base Abkhazia called signing military treaty Taiwan Relations Act. Alexander Zelin commander Russian Air Forces said decision made promote implementation air defense tasks observed Russia similar cooperation Armenia. On the 16th of May 2008 Yuri Baluyevsky chief Russian General Staff denied Russia plans build military base Abkhazia. On the 15th of May 2008 Russian Defense Ministry published information military armaments given Georgia West claimed strengthening Georgia military capabilities serves destabilizing role military-political situation South Caucasus region. Georgian authorities said information military equipment outdated. On the 18th of May 2008 five Russian peacekeepers arrested along administrative border Abkhazia however later freed. According Georgia armored personnel carrier hit Georgian car town Zugdidi however Alexander Diordiev Russian peacekeeping official said crash instead Georgians provoked peacekeepers attempt discredit Russians. According Diordiev night 17-18 road near village Urta closed peacekeepers moving hardware then already damaged car arrived. Georgian police blamed car damage Russian peacekeepers used force against them. Diordiev stated Georgians knew advance redeployment hardware. Statement Russian Foreign Ministry issued the 19th of May 2008 said Georgians actions true street bandits saying Georgians used crude physical force against peacekeepers. Russian peacekeepers freed efforts Collective Forces Support Peace command UN mission. Nezavisimaya Gazeta reported the 19th of May Russian peacekeepers recently allowed undertake military actions independently necessary Abkhaz foreign minister Sergei Shamba said report credible. On the 21st of May 2008 heavy gunfire reported near Abkhaz administrative border Georgian interior ministry official said two buses passengers going vote Georgian elections attacked. Some reports bridge connecting Abkhazia Georgian region Mingrelia closed Abkhaz separatists during elections Georgia. Georgian officials accused Abkhazia attacks preventing Georgians voting legislative elections. Abkhaz president Sergei Bagapsh denied allegations instead attack occurred Georgian territory Georgians living Abkhazia interested voting. According Abkhazia order avert tensions Russian peacekeepers deployed along border. Georgian Foreign Ministry wrote protest note CIS secretariat May 21. Georgia requested illegal Russian troops weaponry removed Abkhazia saying recent deployment troops military hardware airborne battalion 50 BMD-2 airborne combat vehicles two artillery batteries contradicted 1995 resolution adopted CIS presidents council. On the 9th of June 2008 Georgian interior minister Vano Merabishvili commented statement Abkhaz authorities Kodori Gorge We do not want war putting things order our territory. He explained Kodori Gorge criminal haven Georgian authorities forced reestablish control. He also said Russia ready start war Abkhazia prevent Georgia NATO membership. On the 12th of June 2008 American political scientist Zbigniew Brzezinski said Russia trying gain control Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline destabilizing situation Georgia. On the 15th of June 2008 media reports said Russian military base established near village Agubedia Abkhazia Ochamchira District. According reports heavy weaponry sent there. Reports denied Russian Defense Ministry. Georgian-backed Abkhaz government-in-exile said the 17th of June Russia refused allow UN monitors area. On the 17th of June 2008 Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman warned Georgian attempt revise peacekeeping operation Georgian-Abkhaz conflict zone unfreeze conflict. According him due situation slip out control wider region. On the 17th of June 2008 four Russian peacekeepers military truck captured near border Georgia proper Abkhazia. Georgia Interior Ministry said peacekeepers moving 35 crates ammunition thus violating existing agreements while Russian Defense Ministry said detention violation all regulatory norms buffer zone. According Georgian police after nine hours interrogation peacekeepers released. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev told Georgian President Saakashvili phone the 18th of June Russia not tolerate provocations against Russian peacekeepers. Georgian Deputy Interior Minister Eka Zguladze said seized armaments not returned peacekeepers since presented any legal documents related weapons Georgian side informed Lieutenant General Alexander Burutin deputy head Russian General Staff compared arrest bandit attack the 19th of June saying Russian peacekeepers every right use weapons. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said June 21 Russia not tolerate such actions peacekeepers. Russian military expert Pavel Felgenhauer commenting situation conflict zone the 19th of June predicted war Georgia Abkhazia. Felgenhauer said the 20th of June Vladimir Putin already decided start war Georgia Abkhazia South Ossetia supposedly late August 2008. Provocations against Georgia begin Upper Abkhazia South Ossetia then war spread rest Georgia. On the 23rd of June 2008 Sergei Bagapsh said going close sea Georgia. On the 24th of June 2008 Russian peacekeepers established curfew Gali district Abkhazia complete control car roads. Russian Abkhaz forces conducting joint exercise near Kodori Gorge. On the 26th of June 2008 Russian president Dmitry Medvedev officially received Sergei Bagapsh president Abkhazia Moscow. Georgian deputy foreign minister Grigol Vashadze expressed concern meeting saying actions contrary resolutions UN Security Council. Russian Foreign Ministry surprised Georgian reaction. On the 29th of June two blasts Gagra six people wounded. Abkhaz president Bagapsh accused Georgia pursuing policy state terrorism. According source Gruziya Online one Russian vacationer Ural killed Gagra covered up. On the 30th of June two blasts Sukhumi wounded 6 people. Abkhaz authorities declared similar explosive devices used both Gagra Sukhumi. Abkhaz president visited location blasts Sukhumi announced closing border Georgia.

• 5. July Skirmishes And Assassination Attempts

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  On the 1st of July 2008 maritime traffic between Sochi and Gagra resumed. On the 2nd of July 2008 Russian peacekeepers Abkhazia claimed car came up Russian checkpoint border Georgia threw unidentified object detonated then car turned back Georgia servicemen detain car. There blast between Georgian interior ministry post Russian peacekeeping post South Ossetia 20:00 MSK. On the 3rd of July 2008 bombing killed South Ossetian police official Nodar Bibilov village Dmenisi early morning. After several hours remote bomb targeted car Dmitry Sanakoyev leader pro-Georgian South Ossetian government. After blast fire opened villages Sarabuki Kokhati Sanakoev bodyguards responded. Three bodyguards wounded. Deputy defense minister South Ossetia Ibrahim Gazseev claimed Georgian interior ministry units took 300 meter height near village Sarabuki. Around 20:10 South Ossetian post village Kokhati fired upon. South Ossetia reported interior ministry post near village Ubiat attacked Georgian-controlled Nuli. Attack killed one South Ossetian militiaman wounded another. South Ossetia reported Georgia started shelling Tskhinvali around 23:40. Shelling Tskhinvali resulted death one man wounding seven. By morning the 4th of July South Ossetians reported Georgia special military operation resulted death 3 people wounding 11. Georgian authorities said South Ossetians shelling Georgian-controlled villages Tamarasheni Nikozi 6 hours forced Georgians respond. Georgian chief peacekeepers Mamuka Kurashvili said 6:00 morning the 4th of July South Ossetian separatists attempted attack Georgian post bypass road Little Liakhvi Great Liakhvi valleys. South Ossetian military mobilized morning the 4th of July peacekeeping forces put alert. South Ossetia warned heavy weaponry enter conflict zone attacks cease. Russian peacekeepers declared 7 unidentified planes overflew Tskhinvali night. Chief Russian peacekeepers quoted saying additional forces sent South Ossetia case further deterioration. Abkhazian Armed Forces put combat alert. Abkhaz leader Bagapsh threatened if Georgia stop attacking Tskhinvali Abkhazia abandon South Ossetia time need war spill entire Caucasus region. South Ossetian leader Eduard Kokoity called President Russia deploy Russian forces South Ossetia defend citizens Russia. Kokoity said Georgian peacekeepers equal aggressors. Russia NATO envoy Dmitry Rogozin declared Russia contain volunteers North Caucasus participation war against Georgia. By late afternoon Kokoity canceled total mobilization. Russian Foreign Ministry said assault pro-Georgian puppet Sanakoev obviously staged accused Georgia open act aggression against South Ossetia. Russian deputy foreign minister Grigory Karasin arrived Tbilisi. Kommersant confirmed Georgians took control Sarabuki height after attack Sanakove observed Since loss key height Tskhinvali unacceptable large-scale hostilities begin around village Sarabuk. Igor Smirnov president self-proclaimed Transnistria arrived Tskhinvali July 3. One South Ossetian politician commenting shelling Tskhinvali during visit said July 4 Georgians accidental people Caucasus because disrespect guest Transnistria contradicted customs Caucasus region. Kavkaz Center reported the 4th of July Chechen separatists intelligence data Russia preparing military operation against Georgia August September 2008 mainly aimed expel Georgian forces Kodori Gorge followed expulsion Georgian units population South Ossetia. Decision attack Georgia made Putin before Medvedev became president preparations ongoing several months. Provocations antecede start war. On the 5th of July 2008 article published Russian online paper Forum.msk.ru headline Russia verge great Caucasian war stating war Georgia never close. Chief editor paper Anatoly Baranov just returning North Caucasus spoken Russian officers stationed Rostov-on-Don stated army wants fight officers seeing war only solution Russia internal problems. Abkhaz leader Sergei Bagapsh claimed Abkhaz military counterintelligence aware Georgian plans attack Abkhazia April May 2008. According South Ossetian authorities Georgian side began firing South Ossetian post Ubiat 23:the 20th of July 5 automatic firearms then began using grenade launchers. During night the 6th of July Georgians opened fire posts near Tskhinvali wounded one man. South Ossetians said didn return fire. Later Georgian authorities reported fire opened Georgian villages Nuli Kekhi Georgian forces not return fire. South Ossetian interior minister Mikhail Mindzaev accused Georgia military build-up near South Ossetia borders. On the 6th of July 2008 Georgian interior ministry reported explosions near villages Rukhi Ganmukhuri near Abkhaz border. Bomb Gali Abkhazia killed four people wounded six. Abkhaz authorities claimed Georgian state terrorism responsible blasts severed communication Georgia response bombing. Travel documents Georgian citizens right enter Gali seized could leave Abkhazia. Georgia decried bombings blamed attacks Russia claiming attacks done continued Russian military deployment Georgia. South Ossetian leader Eduard Kokoity blamed provocations Georgia said Therefore exercise wisdom calmness restraint thus aid fastest collapse regime Saakashvili. French Foreign Ministry called resume negotiations statement. Secretary General Council Europe Terry Davis expressed concern recent blasts Abkhazia situation spin out control. President United States George W Bush discussed Georgia Russian counterpart Medvedev 34th G8 summit. Gruziya Online reported the 7th of July Bagapsh leader breakaway Abkhazia planned attack Upper Abkhazia start operation scheduled August 11-12 Bagapsh reportedly planned visit Moscow final consent operation. Ministry Defense Georgia said the 7th of July when Georgian side spotted about ten militants trying sabotage Georgian-controlled bypass road South Ossetia Georgians fired group Ossetians withdrew nearest village. On the 8th of July 2008 South Ossetia reported four Georgian Defense Ministry spies arrested near village Okona Znauri district night before. Georgian peacekeeping commander Mamuka Kurashvili said four Georgian soldiers kidnapped previous night Georgian territory Kareli outside South Ossetian conflict zone. South Ossetia accused Georgian secret services kidnapping 14-year old resident Tskhinvali. Georgian law enforcement ordered Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili arrange liberation soldiers. South Ossetian interior minister Mikhail Mindzaev ruled release Georgian soldiers until Georgia returned 14-year-old boy. Later became known soldiers released after Saakashvili order carry police operation.

• 6. International Mediation And Security Council Debates

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  On the 9th of July Colonel Zurab Pochkhua deputy commander Georgian Air Force said 4 Russian jets flying nearly 40 minutes close Tskhinvali while Russia accused Georgia committing serious breach flying two Georgian Sukhoi Su-25 fighter jets over South Ossetia. On the 10th of July Russian authorities acknowledged flight. Russia said official statement fighters sent let hot heads Tbilisi cool down. Four captured Georgian servicemen already released time overflight began. Overflight violated 2002 resolution Joint Control Commission requiring pre-approval overflights conflict zones. Georgian authorities acknowledged knew release Georgian officers midday special operation South Ossetia no longer considered 20:10 when overflight began. This first time 2000s Russia confessed overflight Georgian territory. Scheduled visit Condoleezza Rice US Secretary State Georgia next day nearly coincided timing flight. Response Georgia summoned back ambassador Russia consultations stating outraged Russia aggressive policies. Saakashvili noted close proximity Russian overflight Tbilisi commented Maybe welcomed Condoleezza Rice. Georgian foreign ministry called overflights open military aggression by Russia. On the 8th of July 2008 statement made U.S. Secretary State Condoleezza Rice Abkhaz South Ossetian conflicts settled Georgian NATO Membership Action Plan. Statement caused negative outcry Moscow Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov responded during meeting de facto Abkhaz president Sergei Bagapsh Georgia accession NATO undermine conflict resolution. Rice arrived Georgia the 9th of July. Put blame escalation Russian inflammatory actions past months said Georgia treated like independent country. Rice stated July 10 Tbilisi Russia needs part resolving problem solving problems contributing it. Saakashvili said joint conference Georgia Russia work together ensure safety Sochi Olympics. On the 9th of July 2008 incident took place buffer zone between Abkhaz-controlled area Georgian-controlled Kodori Gorge left 3 Georgian policemen injured. Georgian Interior Ministry said UN monitors denied access area Abkhaz side. Abkhaz authorities claimed 2 Abkhaz militiamen wounded Mount Achamkhara after attack 10 Georgian saboteurs. According Georgian Ministry separate incident took place near Abkhazia-Georgia proper border when Georgian police post attacked. Georgian foreign minister Eka Tkeshelashvili state minister reintegration Temur Iakobashvili accused Russia orchestrating provocations sabotaging peace process. Abkhaz State Security Service accused Georgia staging incident Zugdidi District ahead Condoleezza Rices visit. According source Gruziya Online incident Kodori preparatory action carried out Russian paratroopers capture Georgian-controlled Kodori gorge wearing uniforms Abkhaz forces camouflaging. On the 10th of July Colonel General Sergey Makarov commander North Caucasus Military District SKVO said SKVO help both peacekeeping forces civilian residents separatist regions. Dmitry Medoyev South Ossetian presidential envoy Russia declared the 11th of July South Ossetia has necessary forces means repel Georgia without resorting Russia aid adding more Russian peacekeepers deployed conflict zone. That day statement Russian Ministry Defense said increase combat readiness Russian peacekeepers present Abkhazia added security increased military installations additional training given explain regulations governing use firearms while duty. Nika Rurua Deputy Head Georgian Parliament Security Defense Committee warned Georgia shoot down Russia military aircraft appear airspace again. Proposal discussed effect Georgian lawmakers decided appeal international community matter. Response Georgian organization special UNSC meeting sources Russian Foreign Ministry claimed Russia reveal details planned Georgian military operation South Ossetia release Georgian officers. Gruziya Online reported Abkhaz leader Sergei Bagapsh visited Moscow finalize plans attack Upper Abkhazia. Russia reportedly preparing deploy 76th Guards Air Assault Division Pskov Abkhazia Russian airborne brigades already present Abkhazia violation existing agreements consent Tbilisi. According anonymous source 45 wagons Russian armament arrived past week. According another anonymous source Russian military redeploying South Ossetia Russian military plan wage war Georgia Abkhazia South Ossetia exist. Another news report abkhazeti.ru alleged according source Russian special services sending over hundred Chechens Vostok Battalion loyal GRU Abkhazia. Alleged Chechens stage attack Russian peacekeepers after casualties happen attack blamed full-scale offensive occupy Kodori Gorge Zugdidi Kutaisi launched. Abkhaz foreign minister Sergei Shamba declared Bagapsh planned negotiate opening office Russian Foreign Ministry Abkhazia. On the 11th of July 2008 Georgian Deputy Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze called immediate UN Security Council session conflict zones. Closed meeting held the 21st of July U.N. Security Council review overflights however resolution adopted. Pro-Georgian bias some Security Council members condemned Russian representative Vitaliy Churkin. On the 11th of July 2008 Aleksandr Khramchikhin wrote Nezavisimaya Gazeta Georgia chance winning war swift decapitating blow neutralize separatist leadership required complete surprise carried next aggravation situation contrary tension minimal. Saakashvili knew well Georgia finally lose territories war separatists lost second time. Former Prime Minister South Ossetia Oleg Teziev said South Ossetia refrained cleansing Georgian enclaves past now headache further stating South Ossetia set precedent international practice resolving ethnic conflicts ending war expelling national minority participated conflict opposite side. Claimed Georgian advance previous war stopped South Ossetian threat detonate portable nuclear devices Tskhinvali Tbilisi. On the 12th of July 2008 Javier Solana High Representative Union Foreign Affairs Security Policy condemned Russian overflights stated EU closely follow developments. Georgian Foreign Minister Eka Tkeshelashvili Riga deployment additional Russian troops into Georgia viewed direct aggression automatically transform Russian peacekeepers occupiers. On the 14th of July 2008 Georgian deputy defense minister Batu Kutelia said more than 15 percent increase Georgian army 37,000 troops intended protect Georgian airspace Black Sea coast against Russian aggression. On the 14th of July 2008 Nezavisimaya Gazeta NG reported NG gained possession secret report read closed session State Duma security committee Spring 2008 contained analysis situation Georgia. Report stated Russia several options among passively wait process aggravation situation takes place take decisive action intervening stage armed conflict. Russian political scientist Sergey Markedonov wrote several journalists called specific dates alleged hostilities between Russia Georgia. Head Government South Ossetia Yury Morozov told Komsomolskaya Pravda excellent aviation Georgians adding meant our Russian planes. Journalist observed columns Infantry fighting vehicles tanks deployed near Russo-Georgian border march Towards Tskhinvali required half day. On the 15th of July spokesman Union Russia Belarus Abkhazia South Ossetia talked joining Union need recognized independent become observers before join Union members. On the 18th of July Komsomolskaya Pravda reported construction gas pipeline Vladikavkaz Tskhinvali completed year end Georgia finally losing Tskhinvali. Source Sukhumi told Gruziya-Online investigation Gagra bomb blast almost finished 4 suspects arrested Abkhazia. 3 suspects ethnic Abkhaz 1 ethnic Armenian. Two suspects participants 1992-1993 war Abkhazia recipients Abkhaz awards. Russian journalist Maxim Kalashnikov wrote Georgian military attack Abkhazia South Ossetia lead Russia lose North Caucasus only solution problem recognition Abkhazia South Ossetia. Kalashnikov stated Russia 1991 borders correspond interests security development Russian civilization Russia begin reformatting post-Soviet space solving Georgian question first. Kalashnikov admitted Russia involved overthrow Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Kalashnikov wrote after annexation Abkhazia South Ossetia Russia aid self-determination Mingrelians Adjarians. Noted pro-western Ossetian activists emerged seeking separate North Ossetia Russia Russia act quickly. According media reports Abkhaz militias attacked Georgian police post using grenades the 19th of July 2008 one Abkhaz militiaman died accidental explosion grenade. Abkhaz officials denied attack. Georgian media reported the 19th of July battalion Russian troops moved lower Kodori Gorge. Source Abkhaz armed structure Gali District Abkhazia said Russian troops lower Kodori gorge coordinated Emzar Kvitsiani preparing launch attack Georgian-controlled part gorge. Commenting alleged Russian deployment Kodori Gorge Abkhaz Foreign Minister said no new troops entered Abkhazia over quota. On the 20th of July 2008 South Ossetian official media concluded news report saying fact events Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone continue most interesting topics discussion even international level good sign allows hope positive solution issue freedom independence Republic South Ossetia near future.