Curated category
Metalworking
- MetalworkingA copper pendant found in northern Iraq dates to 8,700 BCE. This artifact represents the oldest archaeological evidence of metalworking known today.
- Cast ironIn 1948, engineers developed a new form of cast iron that changed the material's behavior forever. This ductile cast iron contains graphite in the shape of…
- Milling (machining)A milling cutter enters a workpiece and shaves off tiny clumps of material called chips. These chips hang together to form swarf as the cutting edges…
- Damascus steelThe medieval city of Damascus served as the commercial hub where steel ingots from South India were sold, yet no evidence exists for local crucible…
- Pickling (metal)A worker in South Wales moved sheets of tin through a vat during World War I. This scene captures the early industrial use of pickling to remove surface…