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11th-century establishments in England

  • University of OxfordTeaching at the University of Oxford existed in some form as early as 1096. This date marks the earliest known evidence of instruction, making it the oldest…
  • White Tower (Tower of London)William the Conqueror began building a timber fortification in 1066. Work on the stone keep started within the next decade.
  • HM TreasuryWooden tally sticks served as receipts for money in the Norman Exchequer system established after 1066. The first signs of an administrative department…