Short answers, pulled from the story.
Winston Churchill served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1940 to 1945, leading Britain through the Second World War. He formed a national war cabinet, assumed the position of Minister of Defence, and worked to secure American support through the Lend-Lease agreement and the Atlantic Charter, signed with President Roosevelt in August 1941.
Churchill served two terms as Prime Minister: from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. He succeeded Neville Chamberlain in May 1940 and resigned in 1955 due to declining health.
Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953. The prize recognised his historical writings and his wartime speeches, which included the "blood, toil, tears and sweat" address and the "we shall fight on the beaches" speech.
The Bengal famine of 1943, in which an estimated 2.1 to 3.8 million people died, occurred during Churchill's wartime government. His administration was criticised for refusing to approve adequate grain imports, citing shipping shortages. In September 1943, when the government recognised the full scale of the famine, Churchill ordered the transportation of 130,000 tons of grain and the cabinet agreed to send 200,000 tons by year's end, but Viceroy Lord Wavell continued to complain about neglect from London.
Churchill sat in Parliament for some 62 of the years between 1900 and 1964, representing five constituencies. He served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, First Lord of the Admiralty, Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, Secretary of State for Air, Secretary of State for the Colonies, and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was a member of both the Conservative and Liberal parties at different points in his career.
Churchill's writings included The Story of the Malakand Field Force, his only novel Savrola, The River War, London to Ladysmith via Pretoria, Ian Hamilton's March, a biography of his father Lord Randolph Churchill, The World Crisis (an autobiographical account of the First World War), My Early Life, and the four-volume Marlborough: His Life and Times. He received an advance of £8,000 for the biography of his father. His wartime books were written between his two terms as prime minister.