Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first wind turbine used for the production of electric power was built in Scotland in July 1887 by Professor James Blyth of Anderson's College, Glasgow. This 10-foot cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at Marykirk in Kincardineshire to charge accumulators developed by the Frenchman Camille Alphonse Faure.
The German physicist Albert Betz showed in 1919 that no more than 16/27 or 59% of the kinetic energy of the wind can be captured by a hypothetical ideal wind-energy extraction machine. Modern turbine designs may reach 70 to 80% of this theoretical Betz limit.
The Hornsea Wind Farm in the United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 1,218 MW as of November 2021. The Gansu Wind Farm in China stands as the largest onshore facility with a capacity of 7,965 MW.
In 2023, the global wind power sector experienced significant growth with 116.6 gigawatts of new capacity added to the power grid. This surge represented a 50% increase over the amount added in 2022 and brought the total installed wind power capacity worldwide to 1,021 GW by the end of the year.
Wind turbines generate noise which at a distance of 300 meters may be around 45 dB and is slightly louder than a refrigerator. The sound becomes inaudible at 500 meters.