Short answers, pulled from the story.
The term White race entered major European languages in the later seventeenth century. This development originated with the racialization of slavery during the Atlantic slave trade and the enslavement of indigenous peoples in the Spanish Empire.
In ancient Greece, a man with pale skin was not considered noble but weak and effeminate. Aristotle and Plato argued that skin color typical of the courageous should be halfway between the two extremes, viewing those with skin too dark as cowardly and those with skin too light as equally cowardly.
The Immigration Act of 1790 offered naturalization only to any alien being a free white person. By 1923, courts had vindicated a common-knowledge standard, and the Supreme Court decided in United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind that people of Indian descent were not White men and thus not eligible for citizenship.
According to the 2022 Census, White people in Brazil totaled 88,252,121 and made up 43.5% of the Brazilian population. The census shows a trend of fewer Brazilians of a different descent identifying as White people as their social status increases.
In 1758, Carl Linnaeus proposed what he considered to be natural taxonomic categories of the human species. He distinguished between Homo sapiens and Homo sapiens europaeus, and later added four geographical subdivisions of humans including white Europeans, red Americans, yellow Asians and black Africans.