Short answers, pulled from the story.
Werner Heisenberg won the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 for the creation of quantum mechanics, specifically its application that led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen. The announcement was delayed until November 1933.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle, published in 1927, describes a fundamental limit on the precision with which certain paired physical properties of a particle can be known simultaneously. Heisenberg first described it in a letter to Wolfgang Pauli on the 23rd of February 1927, using the German word Ungenauigkeit, meaning imprecision, not uncertainty.
Heisenberg joined the Uranverein, the German nuclear weapons program, from its early meetings in September 1939 and became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in April 1942. He told Armaments Minister Albert Speer in June 1942 that a bomb could not be built before 1945. Analysis of the declassified Farm Hall transcripts by Manfred Popp concluded that Heisenberg had not spent time calculating a bomb's critical mass during the war.
Heisenberg was one of ten German scientists held at Farm Hall in Godmanchester, England, under Operation Epsilon. He was flown to England on the 3rd of July 1945 and was not reunited with his family for eight months. The scientists' recorded conversations were declassified and released in 1992.
Heisenberg represented the Federal Republic of Germany at a UNESCO conference in 1951 aimed at establishing a European nuclear physics laboratory. He signed the convention establishing CERN on the 1st of July 1953 on behalf of West Germany, declined the role of founding scientific director, and instead chaired CERN's science policy committee.
Heisenberg retreated to the pollen-free North Sea island of Helgoland in June 1925 to work without hay fever disruptions, and produced the Umdeutung paper published in September 1925. Max Born recognized the paper's formulation as matrix algebra and, with Pascual Jordan, extended it; their paper was received just 60 days later. A third paper by all three authors followed before the end of the year.