Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Weimar Republic began on the 9th of November 1918 when Philipp Scheidemann declared the German Republic from a window of the Reichstag building in Berlin. Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated the same day ending over four centuries of imperial rule.
Hyperinflation resulted from France occupying the Ruhr region on the 11th of January 1923 after Germany defaulted on reparations payments. Chancellor Wilhelm Cuno responded by printing money to pay striking workers instead of halting production which drove prices up to 80 billion Reichsmarks for a single loaf of bread.
Unemployment reached four million people in 1930 when American banks withdrew credit lines following the New York Stock Exchange crash. Unemployment rates soared from 15.7% in 1930 to 30.8% in 1932 under deflation policies enacted by Chancellor Heinrich Brüning.
President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as chancellor on the 30th of January 1933 heading a coalition government. The Nazi Party held two out of ten cabinet seats initially while vice-chancellor Franz von Papen served as éminence grise.
The republic officially ceased functioning on the 23rd of March 1933 when emergency powers became permanent features of governance. A one-party dictatorship emerged under Hitler's leadership replacing constitutional frameworks with the principle that Führer words stood above written law.