Short answers, pulled from the story.
Warren Sturgis McCulloch was an American neurophysiologist and cybernetician who helped lay the foundation for certain brain theories and contributed to the cybernetics movement. He is best known for creating computational models of neurons together with Walter Pitts.
McCulloch and Walter Pitts created computational models based on threshold logic, published in 1943 in the paper "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity." Their work split into two approaches, one focused on biological processes in the brain and the other on applying neural networks to artificial intelligence.
Warren Sturgis McCulloch was born on the 16th of November 1898 in Orange, New Jersey, and died on the 24th of September 1969 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
McCulloch worked at Yale's Laboratory for Neurophysiology from 1934 to 1941, then joined the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Illinois at Chicago until 1951, and from 1952 worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology alongside Norbert Wiener.
McCulloch chaired the Macy conferences on cybernetics, which became foundational to the field. He was also a founding member of the American Society for Cybernetics and served as its second president during 1967-1968.
The 1947 paper, written with Walter Pitts, proposed two solutions to how the brain recognizes objects despite changes in appearance. One solution averaged a neural network's response over a symmetry group, and the other used a feedback circuit that centered an object's brightness in the visual field to produce a fixed, canonical representation.