Short answers, pulled from the story.
Walter Raleigh was beheaded in the Old Palace Yard at the Palace of Westminster on the 29th of October 1618. He was executed after his pardon was revoked when men under his command attacked the Spanish outpost of Santo Tomé de Guayana during his second expedition to Venezuela.
The Roanoke Colony was an English settlement established on Roanoke Island in 1587 under the governance of John White, sponsored by Walter Raleigh. When White returned three years later instead of the planned one year, the settlers had disappeared, leaving only the word "CROATOAN" and the letters "CRO" carved into tree trunks. Raleigh himself never visited North America.
Raleigh was imprisoned in the Tower of London twice. The first time, in June 1592, was for secretly marrying Elizabeth Throckmorton, a lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth I, without the Queen's permission. The second imprisonment began in 1603, when he was convicted of treason for alleged involvement in the Main Plot against King James I.
The Discovery of Guiana, published in 1596, was Raleigh's account of his 1595 expedition to what is now Guyana and eastern Venezuela in search of a legendary golden city called Manoa. The book made exaggerated claims about his discoveries and contributed significantly to the El Dorado legend.
During his long imprisonment in the Tower of London, Raleigh wrote his History of the World, drawing on sources in six languages with a heavy emphasis on ancient history and geography. King James I complained the work was "too sawcie in censuring Princes."
The state capital of North Carolina was named Raleigh in 1792 in his honour as sponsor of the Roanoke Colony. The Fort Raleigh National Historic Site on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, commemorates the Lost Colony, and Raleigh County in West Virginia is also named after him.