Short answers, pulled from the story.
Valentina Tereshkova flew aboard Vostok 6 on the 16th of June 1963 as the first woman ever to travel to space. She manually oriented the spacecraft, took photographs, and maintained a flight log during the mission.
Vostok 6 set the record for the highest orbital inclination of a crewed spacecraft at 65 degrees (64.9 degrees precisely). That record stood for nearly 62 years until the Fram2 mission achieved a 90-degree polar orbit.
On the first day of flight, Tereshkova discovered that an error in the control program would cause the spacecraft to ascend rather than descend from orbit. She reported it to spacecraft designer Sergey Korolev, who had the problem corrected and asked her to keep it secret. The error was not publicly revealed until 2004.
Data from Vostok 6 improved understanding of how the female body reacts to spaceflight. Photographs Tereshkova took of the horizon from space were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere.
Vostok 6 landed approximately 200 km west of Barnaul in the Altai region of Russia, 7 km south of the village of Baevo. The capsule is on display at the RKK Energia Museum in Korolyov, near Moscow, and was part of the "Cosmonauts" exhibition at the Science Museum in London from September 2015.
Yes. Vostok 6 was originally conceived as a joint mission with two Vostok spacecraft each carrying a female cosmonaut. Program cutbacks as the Vostok program was being retooled into the Voskhod program reduced it to a single-woman flight. Vostok 6 ultimately became the final flight of the Vostok programme.