Short answers, pulled from the story.
The World Health Organization defines violence as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation. The definition deliberately includes violence that does not result in injury or death.
The World Health Organization divides violence into three broad categories: self-directed, interpersonal, and collective. Self-directed violence covers suicidal behaviour and self-harm, interpersonal violence is committed by an individual or small group, and collective violence is committed by larger groups such as states.
Violence-related injuries kill 1.25 million people every year, as of 2024. In 2013, roughly 842,000 deaths were attributed to suicide, 405,000 to interpersonal violence, and 31,000 to collective violence and legal intervention.
The Institute for Economics and Peace estimated that the total economic impact of violence on the world economy in 2024 was 17.5 trillion dollars.
The World Health Organization identified seven evidence-supported strategies, including developing safe, stable and nurturing relationships between children and caregivers, developing life skills in children and adolescents, reducing the harmful use of alcohol, reducing access to guns, knives and pesticides, promoting gender equality, changing cultural norms that support violence, and victim identification, care and support programmes.
Scholars are divided. Lawrence H. Keeley writes that 87 percent of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, while Douglas P. Fry argues organized large-scale violence is first documented only in the Holocene, about 11,700 years ago, and that present-day tribal ethnography has been shaped by modern colonial states.