Short answers, pulled from the story.
The name Vietnam was officially adopted in 1802 when Emperor Gia Long established the Nguyễn dynasty. The Qing Emperor decreed the name Việt Nam after refusing Gia Long's request for the title King of Nam Việt.
The Vietnamese lord Ngô Quyền defeated the forces of the Chinese Southern Han state at the Battle of Bạch Đằng River in 939. This victory achieved full independence and established the dynastic Đại Việt kingdom.
The Japanese Empire invaded French Indochina in 1940 and exploited Vietnam's natural resources to support its military campaigns. This occupation led to the Vietnamese famine of 1944 and 1945 which killed up to two million people.
The Vietnam War ended with the fall of Saigon on the 30th of April 1975. This event led to the reunification of Vietnam as a unitary communist state.
The Communist Party of Vietnam launched a series of market reforms known as Đổi Mới in 1986. Led by 71-year-old Nguyễn Văn Linh, these reforms transformed the country from a planned economy to a socialist-oriented market economy.
Fansipan is the highest mountain on the Indochinese Peninsula and stands at 3,143 meters. It is located within Vietnam which covers a total area of about 331,212 square kilometers.