Short answers, pulled from the story.
Victoria was the Roman goddess of victory, understood as a deified personification of triumph rather than a figure with her own mythology. She originated as a Romanized renaming of the Greek goddess Nike, adopted during the first Punic War when Roman soldiers encountered her through Greek allies.
Victoria's temple was built on the Palatine Hill in 294 BC. It served multiple purposes, including storing war-booty and temporarily housing the statue of Magna Mater while her own temple was under construction.
Octavian placed an altar to Victoria in the Senate-house in 29 BC, and sacrifices to her before every Senate meeting became standard procedure. The emperor Gratian had the altar removed from the Curia Julia in 382, and despite widespread protest it was not restored.
Victoria was essentially a Roman translation of Nike, but unlike Nike she had virtually no mythology of her own. Nike was a subject of Greek myth, while Victoria was a deified abstraction whose significance was almost entirely political and civic rather than narrative.
Winged victories appear in Roman art as paired winged figures hovering in compositions, often filling the spandrels of arches where a circular element is framed by a rectangle. They represent the spirit of victory rather than the goddess Victoria herself, and are common in triumphal arches and official iconography.
After the Christianization of the Roman Empire, paired winged victory figures continued to appear in art and architecture and gradually evolved into depictions of Christian angels. The visual form developed to celebrate Roman military triumph was absorbed into Christian iconographic tradition.