Short answers, pulled from the story.
John Adams was the first Vice President of the United States. He served under President George Washington and later became the second president. Adams himself described the office as "the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived."
The office was created as a byproduct of the Electoral College voting mechanics. Framers required each elector to cast two votes for president, with the runner-up becoming vice president, to ensure at least one vote went to a candidate of national rather than purely local standing. The office was proposed on the 4th of September 1787, by a committee handling leftover business.
The Tyler Precedent holds that a vice president becomes the full president, not merely an acting president, upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. John Tyler established it in 1841 after William Henry Harrison died, by refusing to acknowledge documents addressing him as Acting President and having himself sworn in as president. It was codified in the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967.
A total of 15 vice presidents have become president. Nine succeeded to the office mid-term, and four sitting vice presidents won presidential elections: John Adams in 1796, Thomas Jefferson in 1800, Martin Van Buren in 1836, and George H. W. Bush in 1988. Two former vice presidents, Richard Nixon in 1968 and Joe Biden in 2020, later won the presidency.
Kamala Harris holds the record with 33 tie-breaking votes cast as president of the Senate. She surpassed the previous record of 31 held by John C. Calhoun. John Adams ranks third with 29 tie-breaking votes.
One Observatory Circle was officially designated the Vice President's residence in 1974, though Congress had allocated $75,000 for a residence as far back as 1966. The three-story Queen Anne mansion was built in 1893 on the grounds of the U.S. Naval Observatory and had previously served as the home of the Chief of Naval Operations from 1923 onward.