Short answers, pulled from the story.
Utopian socialism is the first current of modern socialist thought, exemplified by the work of Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Etienne Cabet, and Robert Owen. Its central idea was that ideal socialist societies could be designed and established voluntarily, without class struggle or revolution.
Marx and Engels argued that utopian socialists did not ground their visions in the actual material conditions of existing society. In The Communist Manifesto they wrote that utopian socialists rejected all political and especially all revolutionary action, relying instead on persuasion and small experimental communities. Engels contrasted this with what he called scientific socialism, which focused on historical-economic forces rather than blueprint societies.
Published in 1888, Looking Backward described a future socialist society where property was held in common and money replaced with a system of equal, non-transferable annual credit tracked via credit-cards. Labour was compulsory from age 21 to 40 and organised through an Industrial Army. The book ranked as a second or third best seller of its time, after Uncle Tom's Cabin and Ben Hur.
William Morris published News from Nowhere in 1890 partly as a response to Looking Backward. Where Bellamy focused on reducing labour through technology, Morris centered his vision on useful work as opposed to useless toil, arguing that all work should be artistic in that the worker finds it pleasurable and an outlet for creativity. Morris saw his conception of labour as closer to Fourier's than to Bellamy's.
Utopian communities in the United States date continuously from the 1730s, beginning with Ephrata Cloister in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Notable examples include Robert Owen's New Harmony in Indiana (1814), the Fourierist Brook Farm in Massachusetts (1841), and North American Phalanx in New Jersey (1843). Many kibbutzim in Palestine were also motivated by utopian socialist ideas, as were anarchist collectives in Aragon and Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War.
B. F. Skinner published Walden Two in 1948, which inspired the founding of Twin Oaks Community. Ursula K. Le Guin's The Dispossessed, published in 1974, depicted an impoverished anarchist society on a barely habitable moon. Scholars have also noted that Owenism and Fourierism exerted a significant influence on the emergence of new religious movements such as spiritualism and occultism.