Short answers, pulled from the story.
The urbanized population in England and Wales reached 72 percent by 1891. This figure represents a significant jump from 17 percent in 1801 to 54 percent in 1891 during the British Agricultural Revolution.
The United Nations reported that 2007 was the turning point when over 50 percent of the global population lived in cities for the first time. At the start of the 20th century, only 15 percent of the world's population resided in urban areas.
Nearly 23.5 million people in the United States lack access to supermarkets within one mile of their home, creating food deserts. These areas are associated with higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and related chronic diseases due to limited fresh produce availability.
Urban heat islands form because industrial areas absorb solar energy through buildings and asphalt instead of using it to evaporate water from plants. Vehicles, factories, and heating units release additional heat into the atmosphere, raising surface temperatures significantly.
Other nations lagged behind England and Wales with figures of 37 percent in France, 41 percent in Prussia, and 28 percent in the United States during that period. This disparity highlights how unprecedented growth broke the relationship between rural life and small town economies.