Short answers, pulled from the story.
Uppland has as many as 1,196 surviving Viking-age stone inscriptions, the highest concentration on earth. Many were carved by Vikings from Roslagen, the coastal archipelago on Uppland's eastern edge, who used runestones to commemorate the dead and mark their presence across the landscape.
Sigtuna is Sweden's oldest town, thought to have been established around AD 980. Stockholm, by comparison, received its city charter in 1252, more than two and a half centuries later.
Uppland was home to Carl Linnaeus, Anders Celsius, Ingmar Bergman, St. Bridget of Sweden, and Gustav Vasa. All either were born in the province or lived there.
Two UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Uppland: the archaeological site of Birka and Drottningholm Palace.
Uppland's population was 1,602,652 as of the 31st of December 2016. The majority of that population falls within Stockholm County, with Uppsala County accounting for 361,373 residents.
Uppland's coat of arms were granted in 1560 and depict a globus cruciger, the orb-and-cross symbol of Christian kingship. The arms are shown with a ducal coronet, reflecting Uppland's historical ranking as a duchy. Uppsala County was granted the same arms in 1940.