Short answers, pulled from the story.
Teaching existed in some form as early as 1096, which marks the earliest known evidence of instruction. This date makes it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second-oldest continuously operating university globally.
Rapid expansion began in 1167 when King Henry II prohibited English students from attending the University of Paris due to tensions between England and France. Many scholars returned to Oxford and established a thriving academic community there after the ban.
The University of Oxford consists of 43 colleges including 36 chartered colleges, four permanent private halls owned by religious organizations, and three societies controlled by the university itself. All students must be members of a college or hall while academic departments organize into four divisions.
The combined endowment figure reached £8.708 billion making Oxford hold the largest endowment of any university in the UK. The central University's endowment along with some college assets is managed by Oxford University Endowment Management formed in 2007.
On the 7th of October 1920, women became eligible for admission as full members of the university and gained the right to take degrees. A quota limiting female students to one-quarter of male numbers was created in 1927 but not abolished until 1957.