Short answers, pulled from the story.
Duke Albert of Prussia issued the deed of foundation for the Collegium Albertinum on the 20th of July 1544. The university opened its doors to students on the 17th of August that same year.
Georg Sabinus served as the first rector of the University of Königsberg and was the son-in-law of Philipp Melanchthon. He led the institution when it began as a Lutheran counterpart to the Catholic Kraków Academy within a duchy that remained a fiefdom of Poland.
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi taught at the University of Königsberg from 1829 until 1842 and founded a renowned school of mathematics. Hermann Minkowski served as a teacher to Albert Einstein while David Hilbert emerged as one of the greatest modern mathematicians associated with the institution.
Königsberg was extensively bombed by the Royal Air Force during the nights of 26/27 and 29/the 30th of August 1945. Eighty percent of the university campus lay in ruins when the fighting ended after General Otto Lasch signed the capitulation on the 9th of April.
The institution resumed work in 1947 under new leadership as the Kaliningrad State Pedagogical Institute. This entity later gained status as a Kaliningrad State University in 1967 before the current Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University claimed to maintain the traditions of the original Albertina.