Short answers, pulled from the story.
UC Berkeley was founded in 1868 as California's first land-grant university, made possible by President Lincoln's signing of the Morrill Act in 1862. The university first opened in Oakland in 1869 with ten faculty members and forty male students, then relocated to its permanent Berkeley campus in 1873.
UC Berkeley is named after the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. Trustee Frederick Billings, a trustee of the College of California, proposed naming the new campus site in honor of Berkeley.
Sixteen chemical elements were discovered at UC Berkeley, more than at any other university in the world. They include plutonium, americium, berkelium, californium, and seaborgium, and were identified largely through research using the cyclotron invented by Ernest Orlando Lawrence.
The Free Speech Movement was a student-led protest campaign that began in 1964 after university police arrested alumnus Jack Weinberg in Sproul Plaza for activities related to the Civil Rights Movement. The movement organized resistance to university restrictions on political activity, ultimately prevailed, and served as a precedent for student opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War.
UC Berkeley alumni and faculty developed BSD Unix, the vi text editor, the computer mouse, ViolaWWW (one of the first graphical web browsers), GIMP, PostgreSQL, RISC-V, and the SPICE circuit simulation program. Bill Joy released BSD Unix under an open-source license in 1977, and Doug Engelbart, who earned his doctorate at Berkeley in 1955, invented the computer mouse.
The California Golden Bears have won 107 national championships across 30 varsity sports, with men's rugby accounting for 26 of those titles. Berkeley athletes and alumni have won 207 Olympic medals, and at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Natalie Coughlin became the first American female athlete in modern Olympic history to win six medals in a single games.