Short answers, pulled from the story.
The committee was formally established in 1913 when Senator Robert L. Owen of Oklahoma sponsored the Federal Reserve Act. It began as one of twenty standing committees under the name Committee on Banking and Currency.
Republican Tim Scott of South Carolina serves as chair while Democrat Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts acts as ranking member. Party control shifts alter leadership structures significantly based on which party holds the majority.
Five specialized subcommittees handle distinct areas including Economic Policy, Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection, Housing Transportation and Community Development, National Security and International Trade and Finance, and Securities Insurance and Investment. A sixth subcommittee on Digital Assets exists with Cynthia Lummis leading and Ruben Gallego providing counterbalance.
The committee operated under the name Committee on Banking and Currency until 1970 when it was renamed to reflect expanding jurisdiction over housing and urban development matters. This renaming occurred as Congress recognized that economic stability required attention beyond just banking institutions.
Democratic senators served as chairs for only seventeen days between January 3 and the 20th of January 2001 before Republican chairs took effect at noon on January 20. Senator James Jeffords changed from Republican to Independent in June 2001 allowing Democrats to regain majority control afterward while Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania held the ranking position from 2001 through 2003.