Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ulm is famous for being the birthplace of Albert Einstein (1879-1955), for the Ulm Minster which has the world's second tallest church spire at 161.53 metres, and for the Löwenmensch figurine, the oldest known human-animal sculpture in the world at around 40,000 years old. The city is also known as the site of Napoleon's 1805 victory in the Battle of Ulm and as home to the Ulm School of Design, a successor institution to the Bauhaus.
The Ulm Minster spire stands 161.53 metres tall, making it the second tallest church spire in the world. It requires 768 steps to climb. Construction began in 1377 and was finally completed in 1891 after a long interruption in the 16th century.
Yes, Albert Einstein was born in Ulm on the 14th of March 1879. A small memorial marks the site of his birth on Bahnhofstrasse, between a newspaper office and a bank. The house itself was destroyed in the RAF bombing of December 1944.
On the 17th of December 1944, RAF bombing targeted the lorry factories of Magirus-Deutz and Kässbohrer along with military installations. The raid killed 707 people, left 25,000 homeless, and destroyed more than 80 percent of the medieval city centre. A concentration camp for political opponents had also operated on the Kuhberg hill from 1933 to 1935, and 116 Jewish residents were deported during the war, of whom only four returned.
The Ulm School of Design (Hochschule für Gestaltung) was founded in 1953 by Inge Aicher-Scholl, Otl Aicher, and Max Bill as a design school in the tradition of the Bauhaus. It closed in 1968. Its building survives as a contemporary landmark in the city.
The Löwenmensch, housed in Museum Ulm, is a lion-headed human figurine approximately 40,000 years old. It is the oldest known human-animal shaped sculpture in the world. The museum also holds art and craftwork from the Middle Ages and post-1945 European and American collections.