Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city, sitting inland on the central plateau. Istanbul is the largest city and the economic center, spanning the Asian and European sides of the country.
The Turkish Republic was officially proclaimed on the 29th of October 1923 in Ankara. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became its first president and led reforms that turned the Ottoman monarchy into a secular parliamentary republic.
In December 2021, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called for expanded use of Türkiye, saying it best represents the culture and values of the Turkish nation. In May 2022 the United Nations agreed to use Türkiye officially in English.
Turkey is home to over 86 million people. Most are ethnic Turks, estimated by the World Factbook at 70 to 75% of citizens, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority, with estimates ranging from 12 to 20% of the population.
Almost the entire population lives with seismic risk, around 70% in the highest or second-highest zones, because the Anatolian plate is bordered by major fault zones. The North Anatolian Fault is considered one of the most dangerous natural hazards, and the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquakes were the deadliest in contemporary Turkish history.
Turkey has the world's 16th-largest economy by nominal GDP and 11th-largest by PPP. Services account for 61% of the economy, industry for 32%, and agriculture for about 7%, and it is a founding member of the OECD and G20.