Short answers, pulled from the story.
Henry VII commissioned Sir Reginald Bray to construct a dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495. This structure is the oldest surviving example of its kind and served as a facility where ships like the Sweepstake and Mary Fortune were launched in 1497.
Henry VIII launched the 1,500-ton carrack Henry Grace à Dieu in 1514. This vessel was the first English two-decker and one of the earliest warships equipped with gunports and heavy bronze cannons.
John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, served as Admiral of England from 1485 to 1512. He was a key official during the early Tudor period before Sir Edward Howard took over the role in 1512.
Elizabeth I had gates installed at Deptford Dockyard in 1578. This event marked the construction of the first true dry dock, which replaced the temporary earth dockheads that had previously been used to launch ships.
Philip II of Spain launched the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. The fleet engaged in a running battle lasting over a week before being scattered and returning home, marking the high point of Elizabeth I's reign.
English shipwrights introduced the Dreadnought design in 1573. This innovation allowed ships to sail faster and maneuver better while permitting the mounting of heavier guns, transforming naval warfare.