Short answers, pulled from the story.
TSR, Inc. was founded in October 1973 by Gary Gygax and Don Kaye, with Brian Blume joining as a partner in December 1973. The company's main product was Dungeons and Dragons, generally considered the first modern tabletop role-playing game.
Gygax was removed as CEO and president on the 22nd of October 1985. Lorraine Williams, whom Gygax had hired as general manager, purchased the Blume brothers' TSR shares after Gygax refused to buy them. Those purchases made Williams the majority shareholder, and she used her voting power to depose Gygax.
TSR accumulated more than $30 million in debt by 1997 through overproduction, a troubled distribution arrangement with Random House, and a financing practice called factoring that locked the company into inflexible annual budgets. Random House returned around $14 million of unsold product between 1995 and 1997, triggering a cash crisis. Lorraine Williams sold TSR to Wizards of the Coast in 1997.
Wizards of the Coast settled TSR's debts and continued using the TSR name on D&D products until 2000. The name was retired when Dungeons and Dragons 3rd edition was released under the Wizards brand alone. Wizards itself was purchased by Hasbro, Inc. in 1999.
Jayson Elliot registered the TSR trademark in 2011 after discovering Wizards of the Coast had allowed it to lapse around 2004. A separate group including Ernie Gygax and Justin LaNasa launched a competing TSR company in June 2021, leading to lawsuits and trademark disputes. LaNasa's TSR declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy in June 2023.
TSR launched the Dragonlance saga in 1984, combining a series of role-playing modules with a novel series written by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman. The first novel, Dragons of Autumn Twilight, reached the top of The New York Times Best Seller list. TSR's book division became one of the company's most profitable operations.