Who was the first ruler to adopt the title tsar after his coronation in 913?
Simeon I of Bulgaria became the first ruler to adopt the specific title tsar after his coronation in 913. His son Peter I continued using the designation throughout his reign until 927.
When did Stefan Dušan begin styling himself Emperor of Serbs and Greeks before his formal coronation?
Stefan Dušan began styling himself Emperor of Serbs and Greeks in 1345 before his formal coronation. He was crowned in Skopje on Easter the 16th of April 1346 alongside the newly elevated Serbian patriarch.
Which Russian ruler was formally crowned as tsar of all Russia for the first time in 1547?
The first Russian ruler formally crowned as tsar of all Russia was Ivan IV in 1547. Foreign ambassadors including Daniel Printz a Buchau in 1576 argued tsar should not translate as emperor.
What year did Catherine the Great adopt the hellenized title tsaritsa of Tauric Chersonesos after annexing Crimea?
Catherine the Great adopted the hellenized title tsaritsa of Tauric Chersonesos after annexing Crimea in 1783 instead of using tsaritsa of Crimea. By 1815 Russian emperor assumed title tsar of Poland following annexation of large Polish territories.
When did the term tsar enter English metaphorical usage referring to U.S. President Andrew Johnson?
The term tsar entered English metaphorical usage since 1866 referring to U.S. President Andrew Johnson. It carried connotations of dictatorial powers fitting the official title autocrat held by Russian emperor.