Short answers, pulled from the story.
Tropical climate is the first of five major climate groups in the Köppen classification, designated Group A. It is defined as any region where the mean temperature of the coldest month is 18 degrees Celsius or higher, combined with conditions that exclude it from the arid B-group classification.
The three types are tropical rainforest climate (Af), tropical monsoon climate (Am), and tropical savanna or wet and dry climate (Aw or As). They are distinguished from each other by the precipitation level of their driest month, known as Pdry.
Tropical climates are generally found below 23.5 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They include areas around the Equator, Central America, north-central South America, central Africa, southern portions of Asia, parts of northern Australia, and Pacific Ocean islands.
Tropical rainforest climate (Af) has a driest month with at least 60 millimeters of rainfall and almost no drought period, while tropical monsoon climate (Am) has a short dry season typically in winter with a Pdry below 60 millimeters. Monsoon regions also follow three distinct seasons rather than two.
Tropical savanna grassland biomes cover close to 20 percent of the Earth's surface. These zones are mainly located between 10 and 25 degrees north-south latitude, at the outer margins of the tropics.
Tropical climate regions produce coffee, cocoa, and oil palm. Rainforest zones support Bengal bamboo, coconut trees, durian, banana, and curare. Monsoon forests host teak, rosewood, sandalwood, and deodar. Savanna zones are characterized by acacia senegal, elephant grass, jarrah tree, and lemongrass.