Short answers, pulled from the story.
Queen Elizabeth I issued a royal charter establishing the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity near Dublin in 1592. This document created Ireland's oldest university in continuous operation on land once occupied by the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows.
Adam Loftus served as the first provost of Trinity College Dublin and named the college after his former school at Cambridge. Two initial Fellows joined him: James Hamilton and James Fullerton.
Ernest Walton achieved artificial nuclear transmutation in 1932 alongside John Cockcroft while George Johnstone Stoney coined the term electron in 1891. Francis Rynd invented the hypodermic needle in 1844 enabling modern medical injections and Sir Charles Algernon Parsons developed the steam turbine in 1884 earning him both Faraday and Franklin Medals.
Catholics faced restrictions requiring an oath objectionable to their faith until the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793 removed this requirement before changes occurred at Oxford or Cambridge. An 1873 Act abolished religious tests except for entry into Divinity school yet Irish Catholic bishops implemented a general ban on Catholics entering Trinity in 1871 enforced by Archbishop John Charles McQuaid from 1956 until it was rescinded in 1970.
Linda Doyle became Provost in August 2021 succeeding Patrick Prendergast after being elected by staff plus student representatives. In June 2025, Trinity severed all ties with Israeli universities and companies becoming the first Irish university to fully divest following recommendations from a taskforce established after student encampments outside the Book of Kells Museum.