Short answers, pulled from the story.
Trieste became part of the Roman Republic by 177 BC following the Second Istrian War. Julius Caesar recorded its name as Tergeste in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico, written in 51 BC during the Gallic Wars.
The leading citizens of Trieste signed an agreement of voluntary submission at the castle of Graz on the 30th of September 1382. This act placed the city under the Habsburg monarchy and initiated a period where it became an important port and commercial hub for the Austrians.
On the 4th of April 1944, a concentration camp with a crematorium was built in the suburb of Risiera di San Sabba, which remains the only one on Italian soil. From the 20th of October 1943 to the spring of 1944, around 25,000 Jews and partisans were interrogated and tortured there before three to four thousand people were murdered.
As of 2018, Trieste held the highest percentage of researchers per capita in Europe with 37 researchers for every thousand inhabitants. This figure exceeds the rate found in Finland, marking a unique demographic achievement for the city.
The literary-intellectual center of Trieste is located at Via San Nicolò No. 30, where James Joyce lived and wrote some short stories from Dubliners. His son Giorgio was born in that same house while he worked on Dubliners and Ulysses as a long-stay tourist.