Short answers, pulled from the story.
Transparency International was founded on the 9th of February 1993 in The Hague, Netherlands, and formally registered on the 15th of June 1993 in Berlin, Germany, where its Secretariat remains. It was established by former employees of the World Bank.
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an annual ranking published by Transparency International since 1995. It rates countries and territories on how corrupt their public sectors are perceived to be, drawing on surveys from reputable institutions rather than direct measurement of corruption.
TI's International Board of Directors voted on the 10th of January 2017 to disaccredit Transparency International USA, citing differences in philosophies, strategies, and priorities between TI-USA and the broader TI Movement. Reports also described TI-USA as having come to be seen as a corporate front group funded by multinational corporations including Pfizer, Google, ExxonMobil, and Bechtel. A new US chapter was established on the 1st of January 2020.
Transparency International has just over 100 national chapters worldwide, collectively known as The Movement. Chapters must pass an accreditation process and face re-accreditation every three years. Transparency International Bangladesh is the chapter with the largest number of members.
In 2014, TI accepted funding from the Siemens Integrity Initiative, a foundation established by Siemens after the company paid $1.6 billion in corporate corruption fines in 2008. TI's own due diligence procedures prohibit accepting money from corporations seeking to repair their reputations through donations, making the grant controversial. The project funded, called the Integrity Pact, focused on government procurement practices and was described as a significant success upon completion.
Between 2015 and 2020, TI faced multiple internal crises, including a public whistleblower complaint from former staffer Anna Buzzoni in August 2015, reports of a toxic workplace culture published in The Guardian in August 2019, and the departures of two successive managing directors - Cobus de Swardt in 2017 and Patricia Moreira in 2020 - both of whom accused the board of misconduct. The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung reported that dozens of employees, including senior ones, left the organization during this period.