Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first working transistor was invented between the 17th of November and the 23rd of December 1947 by John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at Bell Labs. This point-contact transistor used a germanium crystal and two gold point contacts to amplify signals without requiring a cathode heater.
Texas Instruments announced the first production commercial silicon transistor in May 1954. This device was developed by Gordon Teal and offered superior thermal stability and lower leakage currents compared to earlier germanium transistors.
The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor or MOSFET accounts for 99.9% of all transistors in the world by the late 20th century. Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng successfully demonstrated a working silicon MOS transistor in 1960, enabling the integration of more than 10,000 transistors in a single integrated circuit.
The Regency TR-1 was released in October 1954 as the first production-model pocket transistor radio. This device manufactured in Indianapolis featured four transistors and one germanium diode and was available in six colors including black, ivory, and mahogany.
The first production all-transistor car radio was announced in the 28th of April 1955 edition of The Wall Street Journal by Chrysler and Philco. Chrysler made the Mopar model 914HR available as an option starting in the fall of 1955 for its new line of 1956 Chrysler and Imperial cars.
An advanced microprocessor may contain as many as 92 billion transistors on a die and double that 184 billion when dual die. Exceptional chips reached 2.6 trillion transistors as of 2020, demonstrating the scalability of the MOSFET technology.