Short answers, pulled from the story.
Athenian tragedy emerged in the 6th century BCE during an annual state religious festival honoring Dionysus. Performances took place in open-air theaters on hillsides, likely holding around 12,000 people at the Theatre of Dionysus.
Aeschylus' The Persians stands as the earliest extant Greek tragedy and is uniquely recognized among ancient dramas. Only 32 of more than a thousand plays performed in the 5th century have survived to this day.
Regular Roman drama began with Livius Andronicus writing tragedies in 240 BCE after Roman expansion between 270 and 240 BCE. Five years later Gnaeus Naevius also started composing tragic works though he gained more fame for comedies.
Nine tragedies by Stoic philosopher Seneca remain extant today including Phaedra based on Euripides' Hippolytus. These plays differ significantly from Greek versions through long declamatory narrative accounts and obtrusive moralizing rhetoric.
Albertino Mussato wrote Eccerinis in 1315 using Ezzelino III da Romano's story to highlight dangers facing Padua from Cangrande della Scala of Verona. This became the first secular tragedy written since Roman times and may be considered the earliest Italian Renaissance work.
George Lillo wrote The London Merchant in 1731 establishing what historians consider the first true bourgeois tragedy featuring merchant George Barnwell. Arthur Miller later argued in his 1949 essay Tragedy and the Common Man that tragedy could depict ordinary people in domestic surroundings thus defining domestic tragedies fundamentally differently from classical traditions.