Short answers, pulled from the story.
Tipu Sultan was the Sultan of Mysore from 1782 until his death on the 4th of May 1799. He adopted the tiger as the symbol of his rule, a choice rooted in a story that he killed a tiger with a dagger after his gun failed during a hunt, earning him the nickname Sher-e-Mysore, meaning Tiger of Mysore.
Tipu Sultan greatly expanded the Mysorean rocket corps, deploying as many as 5,000 rocketeers at a time. His key innovation was using iron tubes for the propellant, which enabled higher thrust and ranges of up to 2 km. After his defeat, British forces studied the captured rockets and developed the Congreve rocket used in the Napoleonic Wars.
Yes. Napoleon viewed Tipu Sultan as a potential partner against the British in India and wrote to him in February 1798, but a British spy in Muscat intercepted the letter before it arrived. Talleyrand outlined a plan in a report dated the 13th of February 1798 to send 15,000 men from Suez to join Tipu, but Napoleon's Egyptian campaign collapsed at the Siege of Acre in 1799.
Under Tipu Sultan, Mysore overtook Bengal Subah as India's dominant economic power, with average incomes running at five times the subsistence level. He initiated the Mysore silk industry by sending an expert to Bengal Subah to study polyvoltine silk cultivation, and he laid the foundation for the Kannambadi dam on the Kaveri river, which was eventually built and opened in 1938 as the Krishna Raja Sagara.
Tipu Sultan introduced an entirely new Persian nomenclature for every denomination of his coins. Copper coins were named after astronomical bodies such as Venus and Mars, silver coins carried the names of Shia Imams, and gold coins referenced early caliphs. He also replaced the Hijri dating system with the Mauludi calendar, anchored to the birth year of Muhammad.
Tipu Sultan was killed on the 4th of May 1799 while defending the Hoally Gateway at Srirangapatna, located 300 yards from the northeast angle of the fort. He refused advice from French military advisers to escape through secret passages. His death prompted British General Harris to declare, "Now India is ours," and Britain celebrated with a public holiday.