Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Timurid Renaissance was a period of cultural revival in Asian and Islamic history under the Timurid Empire, spanning from the late 14th to the early 16th centuries. It saw a revival of the arts and sciences that spread across the Muslim world, following the Islamic Golden Age.
The Timurid Renaissance spanned from the late 14th century to the early 16th century, reaching its peak in the 15th century after the Mongol invasions and conquests ended. It occurred slightly earlier than the Renaissance of Europe.
Amir Tamerlane, also known as Timur, founded the Timurid Empire in 1370 after conquering several successor states of the Ilkhanate. His reign brought a revival in classical Persian art and major building projects centered on Samarkand.
Samarkand and Herat were the two main centers of the Timurid Renaissance. Samarkand, once destroyed during the Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia, became the center of the Timurid Renaissance and Islamic civilization, while Herat became a leading center of intellectual and artistic life after the capital moved there in the mid 15th century.
Jamshid al-Kashi and Ali Qushji were among the leading scientists of the Timurid Renaissance. Al-Kashi produced detailed sine tables and invented instruments such as the Plate of Conjunctions and the Plate of Zones, while Qushji provided empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation.
The Timurid Renaissance influenced the Gunpowder Empires that followed its decline in the late 15th century, including the Ottomans, the Safavid dynasty and Mughal India. Its architecture was inherited directly by Mughal India and shaped building traditions in Ottoman Turkey and Safavid Iran.