Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Timurid Empire began in the year 1370 when Timur seized power in Transoxiana. Timur, a member of the Barlas tribe, declared himself the rightful heir to the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan despite having no blood connection to the great conqueror.
Estimates suggest that as many as 17 million people died during the reign of Timur. This figure underscores the human toll of his expansionist policies and the brutal efficiency with which his military campaigns were executed.
Persian became the official state language of administration, history, and poetry in the Timurid Empire. Although the period also saw the development of a national Turkic literature in the Chagatai language, Persian remained the dominant language.
Ulugh Beg ruled the Timurid Empire from 1447 to 1449. He transformed Samarkand into a center of scientific learning and established an observatory that produced the Zij-i Sultani star catalog.
The Timurid Empire ended in the year 1507 when the Uzbeks of Muhammad Shaybani conquered the key cities of Samarkand and Herat. The dynasty finally came to an end when the remaining nominal rule of the Mughals was abolished by the British Empire following the 1857 rebellion.
The main symbol of the Timurids is thought to have been the sign of Timur, which consists of three equal circles arranged in the form of an equilateral triangle. This symbol appeared on the seal of the Amir, on Timurid coins, and on flags.