Short answers, pulled from the story.
Thoth is an ancient Egyptian deity who governed the Moon, wisdom, writing, hieroglyphs, science, magic, art, and the judgment of the dead. He was depicted as a man with the head of an ibis or as a baboon, and served as scribe and counselor of the sun god Ra. His wife was Ma'at and his feminine counterpart was Seshat.
According to scholar Theodor Hopfner, Thoth's Egyptian name ḏḥwty derives from ḏḥw, claimed to be the oldest known name for the ibis. The suffix -ty denoted possession of the ibis's attributes, making the name mean "he who is like the ibis."
Thoth's chief temple was in the city of Hermopolis, known in ancient Egyptian as Khemenu and later as el-Ashmunein in Egyptian Arabic. The temple was mostly destroyed before the Christian era. Its large pronaos was still standing in 1826 but was demolished by the mid-19th century and used as fill for a sugar factory foundation.
In the underworld, Thoth appeared as the ape Aani, god of equilibrium, who reported when the scales weighing a deceased person's heart against the feather of Maat balanced exactly. The Papyrus of Ani copy of the Book of the Dead includes a scribe's direct address to Thoth. Chapter CLXXV in Budge's numbering is identified as the oldest tradition said to be the work of Thoth himself.
The Greeks identified Thoth with their god Hermes due to similar attributes and functions. Thoth's title "Thrice great" was translated into Greek as trismégistos, producing the composite figure Hermes Trismegistus. This identification led the Greeks to rename Thoth's cult center Hermopolis, meaning city of Hermes.
In his dialogue Phaedrus, Plato used the myth of Thoth, calling him Theuth, to argue that writing is harmful to memory. In the story, Thoth presents writing to King Thamus of Egypt as a substitute for memory, but Thamus responds that writing is a remedy for reminding rather than genuine remembering, giving only the appearance of wisdom without its reality.