Short answers, pulled from the story.
Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, drafted between June 11 and 28, 1776, and ratified unanimously by Congress on the 4th of July 1776. Historian David Armitage of Harvard University wrote that no American document has had a greater global impact. Jefferson's phrase "all men are created equal" has been called one of the best-known sentences in the English language.
Thomas Jefferson served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809, winning two consecutive terms. He was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall on the 4th of March 1801, and his presidency concluded in March 1809 when James Madison succeeded him.
The Louisiana Purchase was the 1803 acquisition of approximately 827,987 square miles of French territory in North America for $15 million, which doubled the geographic size of the United States. Jefferson instructed negotiators James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston to purchase New Orleans; Napoleon counter-offered the entire territory. The Senate ratified the treaty on the 20th of October 1803, by a vote of 24 to 7.
Jefferson owned large numbers of enslaved people throughout his life, including 135 inherited from his father-in-law John Wayles in 1773. As a lawyer he argued for the freedom of enslaved clients and in 1807 signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves. Presidential scholars acknowledge the contradiction between his advocacy for natural rights and his lifelong ownership of enslaved people, offering varying interpretations of his views.
Thomas Jefferson died on the 4th of July 1826, the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the same day as John Adams. He was approximately $100,000 in debt at the time of his death. John Adams died a few hours later that same day, his last words reportedly being "Thomas Jefferson survives," unaware that Jefferson had already died.
Thomas Jefferson founded the University of Virginia in 1819 and served as its first rector upon its opening in 1825. He designed the buildings himself in Greek and Roman architectural styles, planned the curriculum, and organized the state legislative campaign for its charter. When Jefferson died in 1826, James Madison replaced him as rector, and Jefferson bequeathed nearly 2,000 volumes of his personal library to the university.